if语句可以跟一个可选的else语句,该语句布尔表达式为假时执行。
语法
C++中if ... else语句的语法是:
if(boolean_expression) { // statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is true } else { // statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is false }
if布尔表达式的值为true,那么if代码块将被执行,否则else块将执行。
流程图:
例如:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main () { // local variable declaration: int a = 100; // check the boolean condition if( a < 20 ) { // if condition is true then print the following cout << "a is less than 20;" << endl; } else { // if condition is false then print the following cout << "a is not less than 20;" << endl; } cout << "value of a is : " << a << endl; return 0; }
当上述代码被编译和执行时,它产生了以下结果:
a is not less than 20; value of a is : 100
if...else if...else 语句:
if语句可以跟着一个可选的else if ... else语句,使用单个 if...else ,if语句是非常有用的,以测试各种条件。
使用if , else if , else语句有几点要牢记。
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一个if可以有零或一个else,它必须跟从任何else if。
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一个if可以有零到多个else if,并且它们必须在else之前。
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一旦一个else if条件成功,其他剩余else if不在计算,else将被测试。
语法
if...else if...else语句在C++ 语法是:
if(boolean_expression 1) { // Executes when the boolean expression 1 is true } else if( boolean_expression 2) { // Executes when the boolean expression 2 is true } else if( boolean_expression 3) { // Executes when the boolean expression 3 is true } else { // executes when the none of the above condition is true. }
例子:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main () { // local variable declaration: int a = 100; // check the boolean condition if( a == 10 ) { // if condition is true then print the following cout << "Value of a is 10" << endl; } else if( a == 20 ) { // if else if condition is true cout << "Value of a is 20" << endl; } else if( a == 30 ) { // if else if condition is true cout << "Value of a is 30" << endl; } else { // if none of the conditions is true cout << "Value of a is not matching" << endl; } cout << "Exact value of a is : " << a << endl; return 0; }
让我们编译和运行上面的程序,这将产生以下结果:
Value of a is not matching Exact value of a is : 100