(PHP 5 >= 5.1.2, PECL hash >= 1.1)
hash_hmac — Generate a keyed hash value using the HMAC method
$algo
, string $data
, string $key
[, bool $raw_output
= false
] )
algo
Name of selected hashing algorithm (i.e. "md5", "sha256", "haval160,4", etc..) See hash_algos() for a list of supported algorithms.
data
Message to be hashed.
key
Shared secret key used for generating the HMAC variant of the message digest.
raw_output
When set to TRUE
, outputs raw binary data.
FALSE
outputs lowercase hexits.
Returns a string containing the calculated message digest as lowercase hexits
unless raw_output
is set to true in which case the raw
binary representation of the message digest is returned.
Example #1 hash_hmac() example
<?php
echo hash_hmac('ripemd160', 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.', 'secret');
?>
以上例程会输出:
b8e7ae12510bdfb1812e463a7f086122cf37e4f7
Michael (2013-02-19 20:52:21)
Please be careful when comparing hashes. In certain cases, information can be leaked by using a timing attack. It takes advantage of the == operator only comparing until it finds a difference in the two strings. To prevent it, you have two options.
Option 1: hash both hashed strings first - this doesn't stop the timing difference, but it makes the information useless.
<?php
if (md5($hashed_value) === md5($hashed_expected)) {
echo "hashes match!";
}
?>
Option 2: always compare the whole string.
<?php
if (hash_compare($hashed_value, $hashed_expected)) {
echo "hashes match!";
}
function hash_compare($a, $b) {
if (!is_string($a) || !is_string($b)) {
return false;
}
$lena = strlen($a);
$lenb = strlen($b);
if ($lena !== $lenb) {
return false;
}
$match = true;
for ($i = 0; $i < $lena; $i++) {
$match = $match && ((ord($a[$i]) ^ ord($b[$i])) === 0);
}
return $match;
}
?>
pete dot walker at NOSPAM dot me dot com (2012-10-08 14:13:00)
A function implementing the algorithm outlined in RFC 6238 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6238)
<?php
/**
* This function implements the algorithm outlined
* in RFC 6238 for Time-Based One-Time Passwords
*
* @link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6238
* @param string $key the string to use for the HMAC key
* @param mixed $time a value that reflects a time (unix
* time in the example)
* @param int $digits the desired length of the OTP
* @param string $crypto the desired HMAC crypto algorithm
* @return string the generated OTP
*/
function oauth_totp($key, $time, $digits=8, $crypto='sha256')
{
$digits = intval($digits);
$result = null;
// Convert counter to binary (64-bit)
$data = pack('NNC*', $time >> 32, $time & 0xFFFFFFFF);
// Pad to 8 chars (if necessary)
if (strlen ($data) < 8) {
$data = str_pad($data, 8, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
}
// Get the hash
$hash = hash_hmac($crypto, $data, $key);
// Grab the offset
$offset = 2 * hexdec(substr($hash, strlen($hash) - 1, 1));
// Grab the portion we're interested in
$binary = hexdec(substr($hash, $offset, 8)) & 0x7fffffff;
// Modulus
$result = $binary % pow(10, $digits);
// Pad (if necessary)
$result = str_pad($result, $digits, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
return $result;
}
?>
relevant at celsius dot ee (2012-07-14 12:52:23)
<?php
/* Here is a solution for those who used hash_hmac
with Tiger algorithm in PHP 5.1 - 5.3
and want to upgrade to PHP 5.4 (or newer?).
The problem occured because the order of bytes for Tiger
was changed to big endian since PHP 5.4.0.
The two functions below assert $algo is one of Tiger algorithms,
for example tiger160,4.
*/
# replaces hash('tiger...
function hash_tiger_rev($algo, $data, $raw_output = false) {
$len = intval(substr($algo, 5, 3)); # 128, 160 or 192 bits
$times = substr($algo, 9, 1); # 3 or 4
$revhash = implode("", array_map("strrev",
str_split(hash('tiger192,'.$times, $data, true), 8)));
if ($len < 192) $revhash = substr($revhash, 0, $len >> 3);
return $raw_output? $revhash: bin2hex($revhash);
}
# replaces hash_hmac('tiger...
function hash_hmac_tiger_rev($algo, $data, $key, $raw_output = false) {
if (strlen($key) > 64) $key = hash_tiger_rev($algo, $key);
$key = str_pad($key, 64, chr(0));
$o_pad = str_repeat("\\", 64) ^ $key; # "\" = chr(0x5C)
$i_pad = str_repeat("6", 64) ^ $key; # "6" = chr(0x36)
return hash_tiger_rev($algo, $o_pad .
hash_tiger_rev($algo, $i_pad . $data, true), $raw_output);
}
# always the new version of tiger
function hash_hmac_new($algo, $data, $key, $raw_output = false) {
if (phpversion() > '5.4' || !preg_match('/^tiger(128|160|192),(3|4)$/', $algo))
return hash_hmac($algo, $data, $key, $raw_output);
else
return hash_hmac_tiger_rev($algo, $data, $key, $raw_output);
}
# always the old version of tiger
function hash_hmac_old($algo, $data, $key, $raw_output = false) {
if (phpversion() < '5.4' || !preg_match('/^tiger(128|160|192),(3|4)$/', $algo))
return hash_hmac($algo, $data, $key, $raw_output);
else
return hash_hmac_tiger_rev($algo, $data, $key, $raw_output);
}
# let's test it
$algo = 'tiger160,4'; $pwd = 'foo'; $key = 'bar';
echo hash_hmac($algo, $pwd, $key), "<br>";
echo hash_hmac_tiger_rev($algo, $pwd, $key), "<br>";
echo "<br>";
echo hash_hmac_old($algo, $pwd, $key), "<br>";
echo hash_hmac_new($algo, $pwd, $key), "<br>";
/* With PHP 5.4 output would be
590546d9f425188da35e5dfa53306ba3953571cc
bd6664330ed96b9b39ee063241b62e43f546a49d
bd6664330ed96b9b39ee063241b62e43f546a49d
590546d9f425188da35e5dfa53306ba3953571cc
With PHP 5.3
bd6664330ed96b9b39ee063241b62e43f546a49d
590546d9f425188da35e5dfa53306ba3953571cc
bd6664330ed96b9b39ee063241b62e43f546a49d
590546d9f425188da35e5dfa53306ba3953571cc
*/
?>
havoc at NOSPAM defuse dot ca (2012-06-30 16:30:00)
Here is an efficient PBDKF2 implementation:
<?php
/*
* PBKDF2 key derivation function as defined by RSA's PKCS #5: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2898.txt
* $algorithm - The hash algorithm to use. Recommended: SHA256
* $password - The password.
* $salt - A salt that is unique to the password.
* $count - Iteration count. Higher is better, but slower. Recommended: At least 1024.
* $key_length - The length of the derived key in bytes.
* $raw_output - If true, the key is returned in raw binary format. Hex encoded otherwise.
* Returns: A $key_length-byte key derived from the password and salt.
*
* Test vectors can be found here: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6070.txt
*
* This implementation of PBKDF2 was originally created by defuse.ca
* With improvements by variations-of-shadow.com
*/
function pbkdf2($algorithm, $password, $salt, $count, $key_length, $raw_output = false)
{
$algorithm = strtolower($algorithm);
if(!in_array($algorithm, hash_algos(), true))
die('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid hash algorithm.');
if($count <= 0 || $key_length <= 0)
die('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid parameters.');
$hash_length = strlen(hash($algorithm, "", true));
$block_count = ceil($key_length / $hash_length);
$output = "";
for($i = 1; $i <= $block_count; $i++) {
// $i encoded as 4 bytes, big endian.
$last = $salt . pack("N", $i);
// first iteration
$last = $xorsum = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true);
// perform the other $count - 1 iterations
for ($j = 1; $j < $count; $j++) {
$xorsum ^= ($last = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true));
}
$output .= $xorsum;
}
if($raw_output)
return substr($output, 0, $key_length);
else
return bin2hex(substr($output, 0, $key_length));
}
?>
martin dot papik at ipsec dot info (2012-06-09 07:38:58)
Yet another OATH HOTP function. Has a 64 bit counter and is a lot shorter. Enjoy.
<?php
function oath_hotp ($secret, $ctr, $len=6) {
$binctr = pack ('NNC*', $ctr>>32, $ctr & 0xFFFFFFFF);
$hash = hash_hmac ("sha1", $binctr, $secret);
// This is where hashing stops and truncation begins
$ofs = 2*hexdec (substr ($hash, 39, 1));
$int = hexdec (substr ($hash, $ofs, 8)) & 0x7FFFFFFF;
$pin = substr ($int, -$len);
$pin = str_pad ($pin, $len, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
return $pin;
}
?>
kolonist at xinit dot ru (2012-06-08 15:47:48)
This is implementation of PBKDF2 algorithm, compiled from #92684 and #101540 comments. I think it can be a bit more comfortable to use.
<?php
/**
* Implementation of the PBKDF2 key derivation function as described in
* RFC 2898.
*
* @param string $PRF Hash algorithm.
* @param string $P Password.
* @param string $S Salt.
* @param int $c Iteration count.
* @param mixed $dkLen Derived key length (in octets). If $dkLen is FALSE
* then length will be set to $PRF output length (in
* octets).
* @param bool $raw_output When set to TRUE, outputs raw binary data. FALSE
* outputs lowercase hexits.
* @return mixed Derived key or FALSE if $dkLen > (2^32 - 1) * hLen (hLen
* denotes the length in octets of $PRF output).
*/
function pbkdf2($PRF, $P, $S, $c, $dkLen = false, $raw_output = false) {
//default $hLen is $PRF output length
$hLen = strlen(hash($PRF, '', true));
if ($dkLen === false) $dkLen = $hLen;
if ($dkLen <= (pow(2, 32) - 1) * $hLen) {
$DK = '';
//create key
for ($block = 1; $block <= $dkLen; $block++) {
//initial hash for this block
$ib = $h = hash_hmac($PRF, $S.pack('N', $block), $P, true);
//perform block iterations
for ($i = 1; $i < $c; $i++) {
$ib ^= ($h = hash_hmac($PRF, $h, $P, true));
}
//append iterated block
$DK .= $ib;
}
$DK = substr($DK, 0, $dkLen);
if (!$raw_output) $DK = bin2hex($DK);
return $DK;
//derived key too long
} else {
return false;
}
}
josefkoh at hotmail dot com (2011-07-27 10:24:07)
Simple implementation of hmac sha1
<?php
function hmac_sha1($key, $data)
{
// Adjust key to exactly 64 bytes
if (strlen($key) > 64) {
$key = str_pad(sha1($key, true), 64, chr(0));
}
if (strlen($key) < 64) {
$key = str_pad($key, 64, chr(0));
}
// Outter and Inner pad
$opad = str_repeat(chr(0x5C), 64);
$ipad = str_repeat(chr(0x36), 64);
// Xor key with opad & ipad
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($key); $i++) {
$opad[$i] = $opad[$i] ^ $key[$i];
$ipad[$i] = $ipad[$i] ^ $key[$i];
}
return sha1($opad.sha1($ipad.$data, true));
}
Peter Terence Roux (2010-12-23 03:44:48)
The Implementation of the PBKDF2 key derivation function as described in RFC 2898 can be used to not only get the hashed KEY but also a specific IV.
To use, one would use it as follows:-
<?php
$p = str_hash_pbkdf2($pw, $salt, 10, 32, 'sha1');
$p = base64_encode($p);
$iv = str_hash_pbkdf2($pw, $salt, 10, 16, 'sha1', 32);
$iv = base64_encode($iv);
?>
The function should be:-
<?php
// PBKDF2 Implementation (described in RFC 2898)
//
// @param string p password
// @param string s salt
// @param int c iteration count (use 1000 or higher)
// @param int kl derived key length
// @param string a hash algorithm
// @param int st start position of result
//
// @return string derived key
function str_hash_pbkdf2($p, $s, $c, $kl, $a = 'sha256', $st=0)
{
$kb = $start+$kl; // Key blocks to compute
$dk = ''; // Derived key
// Create key
for ($block=1; $block<=$kb; $block++)
{
// Initial hash for this block
$ib = $h = hash_hmac($a, $s . pack('N', $block), $p, true);
// Perform block iterations
for ($i=1; $i<$c; $i++)
{
// XOR each iterate
$ib ^= ($h = hash_hmac($a, $h, $p, true));
}
$dk .= $ib; // Append iterated block
}
// Return derived key of correct length
return substr($dk, $start, $kl);
}
?>
Siann Beck (2010-10-10 09:48:32)
For signing an Amazon AWS query, base64-encode the binary value:
<?php
$Sig = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha256', $Request, $AmazonSecretKey, true));
?>
KC Cloyd (2009-09-09 23:16:30)
Sometimes a hosting provider doesn't provide access to the Hash extension. Here is a clone of the hash_hmac function you can use in the event you need an HMAC generator and Hash is not available. It's only usable with MD5 and SHA1 encryption algorithms, but its output is identical to the official hash_hmac function (so far at least).
<?php
function custom_hmac($algo, $data, $key, $raw_output = false)
{
$algo = strtolower($algo);
$pack = 'H'.strlen($algo('test'));
$size = 64;
$opad = str_repeat(chr(0x5C), $size);
$ipad = str_repeat(chr(0x36), $size);
if (strlen($key) > $size) {
$key = str_pad(pack($pack, $algo($key)), $size, chr(0x00));
} else {
$key = str_pad($key, $size, chr(0x00));
}
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($key) - 1; $i++) {
$opad[$i] = $opad[$i] ^ $key[$i];
$ipad[$i] = $ipad[$i] ^ $key[$i];
}
$output = $algo($opad.pack($pack, $algo($ipad.$data)));
return ($raw_output) ? pack($pack, $output) : $output;
}
?>
Example Use:
<?php
custom_hmac('sha1', 'Hello, world!', 'secret', true);
?>
Henry Merriam (2009-08-03 22:36:13)
<?php
/**
* Implementation of the PBKDF2 key derivation function as described in RFC 2898.
*
* PBKDF2 was published as part of PKCS #5 v2.0 by RSA Security. The standard is
* also documented in IETF RFC 2898.
*
* The first four function arguments are as the standard describes:
*
* PBKDF2(P, S, c, dkLen)
*
* The fifth function argument specifies the hash function to be used. This should
* be provided in the same format as used for the hash() function. The default
* hash algorithm is SHA-1, but this is not recommended for new applications.
*
* The function returns false if dk_len is too large. Otherwise it returns the
* derived key as a binary string.
*
* @author Henry Merriam <php@henrymerriam.com>
*
* @param string p password
* @param string s salt
* @param int c iteration count
* @param int dk_len derived key length (octets)
* @param string algo hash algorithm
*
* @return string derived key
*/
function pbkdf2($p, $s, $c, $dk_len, $algo = 'sha1') {
// experimentally determine h_len for the algorithm in question
static $lengths;
if (!isset($lengths[$algo])) { $lengths[$algo] = strlen(hash($algo, null, true)); }
$h_len = $lengths[$algo];
if ($dk_len > (pow(2, 32) - 1) * $h_len) {
return false; // derived key is too long
} else {
$l = ceil($dk_len / $h_len); // number of derived key blocks to compute
$t = null;
for ($i = 1; $i <= $l; $i++) {
$f = $u = hash_hmac($algo, $s . pack('N', $i), $p, true); // first iterate
for ($j = 1; $j < $c; $j++) {
$f ^= ($u = hash_hmac($algo, $u, $p, true)); // xor each iterate
}
$t .= $f; // concatenate blocks of the derived key
}
return substr($t, 0, $dk_len); // return the derived key of correct length
}
}
?>
brent at thebrent dot net (2009-05-21 08:17:56)
The hotp algorithms above work with counter values less than 256, but since the counter can be larger, it's necessary to iterate through all the bytes of the counter:
<?php
function oath_hotp ($key, $counter)
{
// Counter
//the counter value can be more than one byte long, so we need to go multiple times
$cur_counter = array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
for($i=7;$i>=0;$i--)
{
$cur_counter[$i] = pack ('C*', $counter);
$counter = $counter >> 8;
}
$bin_counter = implode($cur_counter);
// Pad to 8 chars
if (strlen ($bin_counter) < 8)
{
$bin_counter = str_repeat (chr(0), 8 - strlen ($bin_counter)) . $bin_counter;
}
// HMAC
$hash = hash_hmac ('sha1', $bin_counter, $key);
return $hash;
}
function oath_truncate($hash, $length = 6)
{
// Convert to dec
foreach(str_split($hash,2) as $hex)
{
$hmac_result[]=hexdec($hex);
}
// Find offset
$offset = $hmac_result[19] & 0xf;
// Algorithm from RFC
return
(
(($hmac_result[$offset+0] & 0x7f) << 24 ) |
(($hmac_result[$offset+1] & 0xff) << 16 ) |
(($hmac_result[$offset+2] & 0xff) << 8 ) |
($hmac_result[$offset+3] & 0xff)
) % pow(10,$length);
}
print "<pre>";
print "Compare results with:";
print " http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mraihi-oath-hmac-otp-04\n";
print "Count\tHash\t\t\t\t\t\tPin\n";
for($i=0;$i<=1024;$i=$i+128)
{
print $i."\t".($a=oath_hotp("12345678901234567890",$i));
print "\t".oath_truncate($a)."\n";
}
?>
torben dot egmose at gmail dot com (2009-03-22 11:40:43)
HOTP Algorithm that works according to the RCF http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mraihi-oath-hmac-otp-04
The test cases from the RCF document the ASCII string as "123456787901234567890".
But the hex decoded to a string is "12345678901234567890".
Secret="12345678901234567890";
Count:
0 755224
1 287082
<?php
function oath_hotp($key,$counter) {
// Convert to padded binary string
$data = pack ('C*', $counter);
$data = str_pad($data,8,chr(0),STR_PAD_LEFT);
// HMAC
return hash_hmac('sha1',$data,$key);
}
function oath_truncate($hash, $length = 6) {
// Convert to dec
foreach(str_split($hash,2) as $hex) {
$hmac_result[]=hexdec($hex);
}
// Find offset
$offset = $hmac_result[19] & 0xf;
// Algorithm from RFC
return (
(($hmac_result[$offset+0] & 0x7f) << 24 ) |
(($hmac_result[$offset+1] & 0xff) << 16 ) |
(($hmac_result[$offset+2] & 0xff) << 8 ) |
($hmac_result[$offset+3] & 0xff)
) % pow(10,$length);
}
print "<pre>";
print "Compare results with:"
print " http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mraihi-oath-hmac-otp-04\n";
print "Count\tHash\t\t\t\t\t\tPin\n";
for($i=0;$i<10;$i++)
print $i."\t".($a=oath_hotp("12345678901234567890",$i))
print "\t".oath_truncate($a)."\n";
Carlos Averett(caverett*@*corecodec,net) (2008-07-03 15:54:52)
Generating OATH-compliant OTP (one time passwords) results in PHP:
<?php
$otp = oath_truncate (oath_hotp ($key, $counter), $length);
function oath_hotp ($key, $counter) {
// Counter
$bin_counter = pack ('C*', $counter);
// Pad to 8 chars
if (strlen ($bin_counter) < 8) {
$bin_counter = str_repeat (chr(0), 8 - strlen ($bin_counter)) . $bin_counter;
}
// HMAC
$hash = hash_hmac ('sha1', $bin_counter, $key);
return $hash;
}
function oath_truncate ($hash, $length = 6) {
// The last byte is used as an offset
$offset = hexdec (substr ($hash, 38)) & 0xf;
// Extract the relevant part, and clear the first bit
$hex_truncated = substr ($hash, $offset * 2, 8);
$bin_truncated = decbin (hexdec ($hex_truncated));
$bin_truncated[0] = '0';
$dec_truncated = bindec ($bin_truncated);
return substr ($dec_truncated, 0 - $length);
}
?>