(PHP 5)
mysqli_stmt::bind_param -- mysqli_stmt_bind_param — Binds variables to a prepared statement as parameters
面向对象风格
过程化风格
Bind variables for the parameter markers in the SQL statement that was passed to mysqli_prepare().
Note:
If data size of a variable exceeds max. allowed packet size (max_allowed_packet), you have to specify b in
types
and use mysqli_stmt_send_long_data() to send the data in packets.
Note:
Care must be taken when using mysqli_stmt_bind_param() in conjunction with call_user_func_array(). Note that mysqli_stmt_bind_param() requires parameters to be passed by reference, whereas call_user_func_array() can accept as a parameter a list of variables that can represent references or values.
stmt
仅以过程化样式:由 mysqli_stmt_init() 返回的 statement 标识。
types
A string that contains one or more characters which specify the types for the corresponding bind variables:
Character | Description |
---|---|
i | corresponding variable has type integer |
d | corresponding variable has type double |
s | corresponding variable has type string |
b | corresponding variable is a blob and will be sent in packets |
var1
The number of variables and length of string
types
must match the parameters in the statement.
成功时返回 TRUE
, 或者在失败时返回 FALSE
。
Example #1 面向对象风格
<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'world');
/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
exit();
}
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("INSERT INTO CountryLanguage VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)");
$stmt->bind_param('sssd', $code, $language, $official, $percent);
$code = 'DEU';
$language = 'Bavarian';
$official = "F";
$percent = 11.2;
/* execute prepared statement */
$stmt->execute();
printf("%d Row inserted.\n", $stmt->affected_rows);
/* close statement and connection */
$stmt->close();
/* Clean up table CountryLanguage */
$mysqli->query("DELETE FROM CountryLanguage WHERE Language='Bavarian'");
printf("%d Row deleted.\n", $mysqli->affected_rows);
/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>
Example #2 过程化风格
<?php
$link = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'world');
/* check connection */
if (!$link) {
printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
exit();
}
$stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "INSERT INTO CountryLanguage VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)");
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, 'sssd', $code, $language, $official, $percent);
$code = 'DEU';
$language = 'Bavarian';
$official = "F";
$percent = 11.2;
/* execute prepared statement */
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
printf("%d Row inserted.\n", mysqli_stmt_affected_rows($stmt));
/* close statement and connection */
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
/* Clean up table CountryLanguage */
mysqli_query($link, "DELETE FROM CountryLanguage WHERE Language='Bavarian'");
printf("%d Row deleted.\n", mysqli_affected_rows($link));
/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>
以上例程会输出:
1 Row inserted. 1 Row deleted.
mike chip (2013-03-13 02:45:38)
I had to do a more advanced prepare function (A multi-multi values prepared statement)to make things easier for a few situations, so I wrote the following function.
NOTE: This function assumes you have put it into a class that have:
$mysqli = A mysqli object
NOTE2: This function currently only supports ints for the values, but you can modify it to support additional types...
To use it:
<?php
$sql = "SELECT id, code FROM country";
$result = $database->fetch_all($sql); // This is just a custom fetch_all function...
if(!$result) {
return null; // no results...
}
// Re-organize the order of the elements from the resultset, code first then id, just like the sql statement...
$pData = array();
foreach($result as $row) {
$pData[] = array('code'=>$row['code'] + 1,'id'=>$row['id']); //Assign valid php variable names, because this'll be used later on!!!
}
$database->mysqli_prepare_exec("UPDATE country SET code=? WHERE id=?", 'ii', $pData);
?>
Here's the function:
<?php
public function mysqli_prepare_exec($sql, $types, $data)
{
$stm = $this->mysqli->prepare($sql);
if(!$stm) {
return null; // Statement couldn't be prepared, check for errors...
}
foreach($data[0] as $k => $v) {
eval('$' . $k . '=' . $v . ';');
eval('$vars[\'' . $k . '\'] = &$' . $k . ';'); // Referencing to our last newly created variable
}
unset($k,$v);
call_user_func_array(array($stm, 'bind_param'), array_merge(array($types), $vars));
foreach($data as $row) {
foreach($row as $k => $v) {
eval('$' . $k . '=' . $v . ';');
}
$stm->execute();
}
}
?>
Ray.Paseur uses Gmail (2013-03-03 17:24:05)
It may seem obvious, but it's worth noting that variables must exist before you can bind them. This example worked well for me (line 12).
<?php
$test_names_arrays = array
( array( "fname" => "Walter" , "lname" => "Williams" )
, array( "fname" => "Ray" , "lname" => "Paseur" )
, array( "fname" => "Bill" , "lname" => "O'Reilly" )
)
;
$sql = "INSERT INTO my_table ( fname, lname ) VALUES ( ?,? )";
$ins = $mysqli->prepare($sql);
// NB: THESE VARIABLES MUST EXIST BEFORE THEY CAN BE BOUND!
$person = current($test_names_arrays);
$ins->bind_param('ss', $person['fname'], $person['lname']);
foreach ($test_names_arrays as $person)
{
$ins->execute();
}
?>
Guido (2012-10-15 19:43:54)
Dear all,
I was searching for a class which supports multiple calls to bind_param, because I have scenarios where I build huge SQL statements over different functions with variable numbers of parameters. But I didn't found one. So I have just written up this little piece of code I would like to share with you. There is enough room to optimize these classes, but it shows the general idea. And for me it works. In mbind_param_do() it seems to depend from the PHP version if makeValuesReferenced() must be used or if $params can be used directly. In my case I have to use it.
The cool thing about this solution: You don't have to care about a lot if you are using my mbind_ functions or not. You may also use default bind_param and the execute will still work.
<?php
class db extends mysqli {
public function prepare($query) {
return new stmt($this,$query);
}
}
class stmt extends mysqli_stmt {
public function __construct($link, $query) {
$this->mbind_reset();
parent::__construct($link, $query);
}
public function mbind_reset() {
unset($this->mbind_params);
unset($this->mbind_types);
$this->mbind_params = array();
$this->mbind_types = array();
}
//use this one to bind params by reference
public function mbind_param($type, &$param) {
$this->mbind_types[0].= $type;
$this->mbind_params[] = &$param;
}
//use this one to bin value directly, can be mixed with mbind_param()
public function mbind_value($type, $param) {
$this->mbind_types[0].= $type;
$this->mbind_params[] = $param;
}
public function mbind_param_do() {
$params = array_merge($this->mbind_types, $this->mbind_params);
return call_user_func_array(array($this, 'bind_param'), $this->makeValuesReferenced($params));
}
private function makeValuesReferenced($arr){
$refs = array();
foreach($arr as $key => $value)
$refs[$key] = &$arr[$key];
return $refs;
}
public function execute() {
if(count($this->mbind_params))
$this->mbind_param_do();
return parent::execute();
}
private $mbind_types = array();
private $mbind_params = array();
}
$search1 = "test1";
$search2 = "test2";
$_db = new db("host","user","pass","database");
$query = "SELECT name FROM table WHERE col1=? AND col2=?";
$stmt = $_db->prepare($query);
$stmt->mbind_param('s',$search1);
//this second call is the cool thing!!!
$stmt->mbind_param('s',$search2);
$stmt->execute();
//this would still work!
//$search1 = "test1changed";
//$search2 = "test2changed";
//$stmt->execute();
...
$stmt->store_result();
$stmt->bind_result(...);
$stmt->fetch();
?>
xianrenb at gmail dot com (2012-09-30 06:52:17)
It is believed that if one has specified 'b' in $types, the corresponding variable should be set to null, and one has to use mysqli_stmt::send_long_data() or mysqli_stmt_send_long_data() to send the blob, otherwise the blob value would be treated as empty.
ellert at _spam_ vankoperen _spam_ dot nl (2012-08-29 09:43:46)
Dont forget that in the query that you are preparing you do NOT need quotes around string values.
If you put them there anyway, you will get:
mysqli_stmt_bind_param(): Number of variables doesn't match number of parameters in prepared statement
nick9v at hotmail dot com (2012-06-30 10:12:03)
When dealing with a dynamic number of field values while preparing a statement I find this class useful.
<?php
class BindParam{
private $values = array(), $types = '';
public function add( $type, &$value ){
$this->values[] = $value;
$this->types .= $type;
}
public function get(){
return array_merge(array($this->types), $this->values);
}
}
?>
Usage is pretty simple. Create an instance and use the add method to populate. When you're ready to execute simply use the get method.
<?php
$bindParam = new BindParam();
$qArray = array();
$use_part_1 = 1;
$use_part_2 = 1;
$use_part_3 = 1;
$query = 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE ';
if($use_part_1){
$qArray[] = 'hair_color = ?';
$bindParam->add('s', 'red');
}
if($use_part_2){
$qArray[] = 'age = ?';
$bindParam->add('i', 25);
}
if($use_part_3){
$qArray[] = 'balance = ?';
$bindParam->add('d', 50.00);
}
$query .= implode(' OR ', $qArray);
//call_user_func_array( array($stm, 'bind_param'), $bindParam->get());
echo $query . '<br/>';
var_dump($bindParam->get());
?>
This gets you the result that looks something like this:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE hair_color = ? OR age = ? OR balance = ?
array(4) { [0]=> string(3) "sid" [1]=> string(3) "red" [2]=> int(25) [3]=> float(50) }
[Editor's note: changed BindParam::add() to accept $value by reference and thereby prevent a warning in newer versions of PHP.]
robstocki at battlesecure dot com (2012-05-24 22:22:38)
Here is the procedural version of a select statement when wanting to use %LIKE% in the query and not an '=':
<?php
function db_connect(){
// set $db as global for access outside function
global $db;
# Use procedural methods for database connection and manipulation
// Connect to Database
@$db = mysqli_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME);
// Check connection
if(mysqli_connect_errno()) {
echo '<br />Error: Could not connect to database. Please try again later.<br />';
exit;
}
}
// Connect to Database
db_connect();
$theRecordInTheTableIs = "%".$_POST['theRecordInTheTableIs']."%"; // concat $_POST variable with % on each side for use in prepared statement
$theRelatedRecordLooks = "%".$_POST['theRelatedRecordLooks']."%"; // concat $_POST variable with % on each side for use in prepared statement
// Create Query
$q = ''; // create variable for input
$q .= " SELECT ";
$q .= " * ";
$q .= " FROM ";
$q .= " myFavTable ";
$q .= " WHERE ";
$q .= " theRecordInTheTableIs LIKE ? ";
$q .= " AND ";
$q .= " theRelatedRecordLooks LIKE ? ";
// Prepare the statement
$stmt = mysqli_prepare($db, $q);
// bind the paramaters
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, 'ss', $theRecordInTheTableIs,$theRelatedRecordLooks);
// Execute the query
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
// bind result variables
mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $col0, $col1, $col2, $col3, $col4, $col5, $col6, $col7, $col8, $col9, $col10);
// Display the query
// start the table
echo '<table>
<tr>
<td>Col0 Title</td>
<td>Col1 Title</td>
<td>Col2 Title</td>
<td>Col3 Title</td>
<td>Col4 Title</td>
<td>Col5 Title</td>
<td>Col6 Title</td>
<td>Col7 Title</td>
<td>Col8 Title</td>
<td>Col9 Title</td>
<td>Col10 Title</td>
</tr>';
// fetch values
while (mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)) {
echo " <tr>
<td>{$col0}</td>
<td>{$col1}</td>
<td>{$col2}</td>
<td>{$col3}</td>
<td>{$col4}</td>
<td>{$col5}</td>
<td>{$col6}</td>
<td>{$col7}</td>
<td>{$col8}</td>
<td>{$col9}</td>
<td>{$col10}</td>
</tr> ";
}
// close the table
echo '</table>';
?>
Darren (2012-01-11 04:00:21)
For those learning mysqli::prepare and mysqli_stmt::bind_params for the first time, here is a commented block of code which executes prepared queries and returns data in a similar format to the return values of mysqli_query. I tried to minimize unnecessary classes, objects, or overhead for two reasons:
1) facilitate learning
2) allow relativity interchangeable use with mysqli_query
My goal is to lower the learning curve for whoever is starting out with these family of functions. I am by no means an expert coder/scripter, so I am sure there are improvements and perhaps a few bugs, but I hope not =)
<?php
/*
Function: mysqli_prepared_query()
Executes prepared querys given query syntax, and bind parameters
Returns data in array format
Arguments:
mysqli_link
mysqli_prepare query
mysqli_stmt_bind_param argmuent list in the form array($typeDefinitinonString, $var1 [, mixed $... ])
Return values:
When given SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE or EXPLAIN statements: returns table data in the form resultArray[row number][associated field name]
Returns number of rows affacted when given other queries
Returns FALSE on error
*/
function mysqli_prepared_query($link,$sql,$bindParams = FALSE){
if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link,$sql)){
if ($bindParams){
$bindParamsMethod = new ReflectionMethod('mysqli_stmt', 'bind_param'); //allows for call to mysqli_stmt->bind_param using variable argument list
$bindParamsReferences = array(); //will act as arguments list for mysqli_stmt->bind_param
$typeDefinitionString = array_shift($bindParams);
foreach($bindParams as $key => $value){
$bindParamsReferences[$key] = &$bindParams[$key];
}
array_unshift($bindParamsReferences,$typeDefinitionString); //returns typeDefinition as the first element of the string
$bindParamsMethod->invokeArgs($stmt,$bindParamsReferences); //calls mysqli_stmt->bind_param suing $bindParamsRereferences as the argument list
}
if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){
$resultMetaData = mysqli_stmt_result_metadata($stmt);
if($resultMetaData){
$stmtRow = array(); //this will be a result row returned from mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)
$rowReferences = array(); //this will reference $stmtRow and be passed to mysqli_bind_results
while ($field = mysqli_fetch_field($resultMetaData)) {
$rowReferences[] = &$stmtRow[$field->name];
}
mysqli_free_result($resultMetaData);
$bindResultMethod = new ReflectionMethod('mysqli_stmt', 'bind_result');
$bindResultMethod->invokeArgs($stmt, $rowReferences); //calls mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt,[$rowReferences]) using object-oriented style
$result = array();
while(mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)){
foreach($stmtRow as $key => $value){ //variables must be assigned by value, so $result[] = $stmtRow does not work (not really sure why, something with referencing in $stmtRow)
$row[$key] = $value;
}
$result[] = $row;
}
mysqli_stmt_free_result($stmt);
} else {
$result = mysqli_stmt_affected_rows($stmt);
}
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
} else {
$result = FALSE;
}
} else {
$result = FALSE;
}
return $result;
}
?>
Here's hoping the PHP gods don't smite me.
samishiikihaku23 at gmail dot com (2011-12-30 15:50:56)
NOTES to new users! Or programmers like myself who learn the hard way!!!
Pay attention to the variables that are given in the function up above. ( string $types , mixed &$var1 [, mixed &$... ] ) . The example shows this too, but I personally didn't get it 'til trying to debug my code.
ITS REQUIRED TO PASS VARIABLES HERE. You can not pass straight data through here.
$stmt->bind('s','Something here'); Will error!!!
Just a clarification as to avoid another night like mine last night and this morning.
Ole Clausen (2011-11-06 11:50:23)
A lot of newcommers to mysqli find it hard to get started. I have written this wrapper with object based response, that handles most of my queries. I hope it'll be usefull for others as well:
<?php
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
define('DB_USERNAME', '');
define('DB_PASSWORD', '');
define('DB_DEFAULT_DB', 'test');
function iQuery($sql, $arrParams, $arrBindNames=false) {
$result = new stdClass();
$mysqli = @new mysqli(DB_HOST, DB_USERNAME, DB_PASSWORD, DB_DEFAULT_DB);
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
$result->error = 'Connection failed: '.mysqli_connect_error();
return $result;
}
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql)) {
$method = new ReflectionMethod('mysqli_stmt', 'bind_param');
$method->invokeArgs($stmt, $arrParams);
$stmt->execute();
$meta = $stmt->result_metadata();
if (!$meta) {
$result->affected_rows = $stmt->affected_rows;
$result->insert_id = $stmt->insert_id;
} else {
$stmt->store_result();
$params = array();
$row = array();
if ($arrBindNames) {
for ($i=0,$j=count($arrBindNames); $i<$j; $i++) {
$params[$i] = &$row[$arrBindNames[$i]];
}
} else {
while ($field = $meta->fetch_field()) {
$params[] = &$row[$field->name];
}
}
$meta->close();
$method = new ReflectionMethod('mysqli_stmt', 'bind_result');
$method->invokeArgs($stmt, $params);
$result->rows = array();
while ($stmt->fetch()) {
$obj = new stdClass();
foreach($row as $key => $val) {
$obj->{$key} = $val;
}
$result->rows[] = $obj;
}
$stmt->free_result();
}
$stmt->close();
}
$mysqli->close();
return $result;
}
$arrParams = array('ss', $_POST['sex'], $_POST['active']);
$result = iQuery( 'SELECT * FROM `test_table` WHERE `sex`=? AND `active`=?', $arrParams);
print_r($result);
print $result->rows[1]->first_name . " " . $result->rows[1]->last_name;
?>
If $_POST['sex'] contains 'male' and $_POST['active'] contains 'yes' - and the field names are 'id', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'sex' and 'active', the printet result may look like this:
----------------------------------------------
stdClass Object
(
[rows] => Array
(
[0] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 2
[first_name] => Peter
[last_name] => Johnson
[sex] => male
[active] => yes
)
[1] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 5
[first_name] => Ole
[last_name] => Clausen
[sex] => male
[active] => yes
)
)
)
Ole Clausen
----------------------------------------------
You can also apply special field names to the response, if you use the parameter $arrBindNames:
$arrParams = array('ss', $_POST['sex'], $_POST['active']);
$arrNames = array('foo_id', 'bar_first', 'baz_last', 'foo_sex', 'bar_act');
$result = iQuery( 'SELECT * FROM `test_table` WHERE `sex`=? AND `active`=?', $arrParams, $arrNames);
- a row would then look like this:
[0] => stdClass Object
(
[foo_id] => 2
[bar_first] => Peter
[baz_last] => Johnson
[foo_sex] => male
[bar_act] => yes
)
The first argument 'ss' in $arrParams states, that the two following arguments are of type String. The options are 's' for String, 'i' for Integer, 'd' for Double and 'b' for Blob (sent in packages).
In queries, that do not return a result INSERT, UPDATE, etc. $result->affected_rows and $result->insert_id are available. Connection errors are available in $result->error. Additional error handling would be nice, but is not implemented for now. Play with the wrapper and use print_r on the result ... enjoy!
The name 'iQuery'? Well, it handles mysql*i* - and then I guess it's kind of a tribute to Mr. Jobs ... may he 'rest' in energetic, hungry foolishness =)
==
UPDATE: 08-NOV-2011 07:19
Due to changes in PHP 5.3 I encountered a problem with 'bind_param' in my iQuery function below. The values in the passed array *must* be references. The soloution is this function:
<?php
function getRefArray($a) {
if (strnatcmp(phpversion(),'5.3')>=0) {
$ret = array();
foreach($a as $key => $val) {
$ret[$key] = &$a[$key];
}
return $ret;
}
return $a;
}
?>
- and this change in iQuery:
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql)) {
$arrParams = getRefArray($arrParams); // <-- Added due to changes since PHP 5.3
$method = new ReflectionMethod('mysqli_stmt', 'bind_param');
$method->invokeArgs($stmt, $arrParams);
$stmt->execute();
$meta = $stmt->result_metadata();
ghostarthour at exahost dot eu (2011-08-27 14:00:44)
Simple workaround for casting:
<?php
function mysqli_cast_workaround() {
$numargs = func_num_args();
$types = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < $numargs; $i++) {
$arg = func_get_arg($i);
if (is_numeric($arg)) {
$types.="i";
}else{
$types.="s";
}
$args[($i+1)] = $arg;
unset($arg);
}
$args[0] = $types;
return call_user_func_array('mysqli_stmt_bind_param',$args);
}
?>
alex dot deleyn at gmail dot com (2011-07-16 18:50:37)
MySQL has a "NULL-safe equal" operator (I'm guessing since 5.0)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/comparison-operators.html#operator_equal-to
If you use this operator instead of the usual = you can interchange values and null in where clauses.
There is however a known bug when using this operator with datetime or timestamp fields: http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=36100
jk at jankriedner dot de (2011-05-20 14:39:25)
There are some things to note when working with mysqli::bind_param() and array-elements.
Re-assigning an array will break any references, no matter if the keys are identical.
You have to explicitly reassign every single value in an array, for the references to be kept.
Best shown in an example:
<?php
function getData() {
return array(
0=>array(
"name"=>"test_0",
"email"=>"test_0@example.com"
),
1=>array(
"name"=>"test_1",
"email"=>"test_1@example.com"
)
);
}
$db = new mysqli("localhost","root","","tests");
$sql = "INSERT INTO `user` SET `name`=?,`email`=?";
$res = $db->prepare($sql);
// If you bind array-elements to a prepared statement, the array has to be declared first with the used keys:
$arr = array("name"=>"","email"=>"");
$res->bind_param("ss",$arr['name'],$arr['email']);
//So far the introduction...
/*
Example 1 (wont work as expected, creates two empty entries)
Re-assigning the array in the while()-head generates a new array, whereas references from bind_param stick to the old array
*/
foreach( getData() as $arr ) {
$res->execute();
}
/*
Example 2 (will work as expected)
Re-assigning every single value explicitly keeps the references alive
*/
foreach( getData() as $tempArr ) {
foreach($tempArr as $k=>$v) {
$arr[$k] = $v;
}
$res->execute();
}
?>
Coming to the problem calling mysqli::bind_param() with a dynamic number of arguments via call_user_func_array() with PHP Version 5.3+, there's another workaround besides using an extra function to build the references for the array-elements.
You can use Reflection to call mysqli::bind_param(). When using PHP 5.3+ this saves you about 20-40% Speed compared to passing the array to your own reference-builder-function.
Example:
<?php
$db = new mysqli("localhost","root","","tests");
$res = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO test SET foo=?,bar=?");
$refArr = array("si","hello",42);
$ref = new ReflectionClass('mysqli_stmt');
$method = $ref->getMethod("bind_param");
$method->invokeArgs($res,$refArr);
$res->execute();
?>
asb(.d o,t )han(a t)n i h e i(d.o_t)dk (2011-04-22 18:05:35)
It should be noted that MySQL has some issues regarding the use of the IN clause in prepared statements.
I.e. the code:
<?php
$idArr = "1, 2, 3, 4";
$int_one = 1;
$int_two = 2;
$int_three = 3;
$int_four = 4;
$db = new MySQLi();
$bad_stmt = $db->prepare(SELECT `idAsLetters` FROM `tbl` WHERE `id` IN(?));
$bad_stmt->bind_param("s", $idArr);
$bad_stmt->bind_result($ias);
$bad_stmt->execute();
echo "Bad results:" . PHP_EOL;
while($stmt->fetch()){
echo $ias . PHP_EOL;
}
$good_stmt->close();
$good_stmt = $db->prepare(SELECT `idAsLetters` FROM `tbl` WHERE `id` IN(?, ?, ?, ?));
$good_stmt->bind_param("iiii", $int_one, $int_two, $int_three, $int_four);
$good_stmt->bind_result($ias);
$good_stmt->execute();
echo "God results:" . PHP_EOL;
while($stmt->fetch()){
echo $ias . PHP_EOL;
}
$bad_stmt->close();
$db->close();
?>
will print this result:
Bad results:
one
Good results:
one
two
three
four
Using "IN(?)" in a prepared statement will return just one (the first) row from a table/view. This is not an error in PHP, but merely how MySQL handles prepared statements.
Anonymous (2011-03-28 13:49:51)
You can bind to variables with NULL values, and on update and insert queries, the corresponding field will be updated to NULL no matter what bind string type you associated it with. But, for parameters meant for the WHERE clause (ie where field = ?), the query will have no effect and produce no results.
When comparing a value against NULL, the MYSQL syntax is either "value IS NULL" or "value IS NOT NULL". So, you can't pass in something like "WHERE (value = ?)" and expect this to work using a null value parameter.
Instead, you can do something like this in your WHERE clause:
"WHERE (IF(ISNULL(?), field1 is null, field1 = ?))"
Then, pass in the value you want to test twice:
bind_param('ss', $value1, $value1);
Anonymous (2011-03-14 14:28:02)
Blob and null handling aside, a couple of notes on how param values are automatically converted and forwarded on to the Mysql engine based on your type string argument:
1) PHP will automatically convert the value behind the scenes to the underlying type corresponding to your binding type string. i.e.:
<?php
$var = true;
bind_param('i', $var); // forwarded to Mysql as 1
?>
2) Though PHP numbers cannot be reliably cast to (int) if larger than PHP_INT_MAX, behind the scenes, the value will be converted anyway to at most long long depending on the size. This means that keeping in mind precision limits and avoiding manually casting the variable to (int) first, you can still use the 'i' binding type for larger numbers. i.e.:
<?php
$var = '429496729479896';
bind_param('i', $var); // forwarded to Mysql as 429496729479900
?>
3) You can default to 's' for most parameter arguments in most cases. The value will then be automatically cast to string on the back-end before being passed to the Mysql engine. Mysql will then perform its own conversions with values it receives from PHP on execute. This allows you to bind not only to larger numbers without concern for precision, but also to objects as long as that object has a '__toString' method.
This auto-string casting behavior greatly improves things like datetime handling. For example: if you extended DateTime class to add a __toString method which outputs the datetime format expected by Mysql, you can just bind to that DateTime_Extended object using type 's'. i.e.:
<?php
// DateTime_Extended has __toString defined to return the Mysql formatted datetime
$var = new DateTime_Extended;
bind_param('s', $var); // forwarded to Mysql as '2011-03-14 17:00:01'
?>
user at mail dot com (2011-01-25 00:44:30)
I had a problem with the LIKE operator
This code did not work:
<?php
$test = $sql->prepare("SELECT name FROM names WHERE name LIKE %?%");
$test->bind_param("s", $myname);
?>
The solution is:
<?php
$test = $sql->prepare("SELECT name FROM names WHERE name LIKE ?");
$param = "%" . $myname . "%";
$test->bind_param("s", $param);
?>
canche_x at yahoo dot com (2010-11-12 04:43:02)
Hi, I just write a function to do all my sql statements based on all the others comments in this page, maybe it can be useful for someone else :)
Usage:
execSQL($sql, $parameters, $close);
$sql = Statement to execute;
$parameters = array of type and values of the parameters (if any)
$close = true to close $stmt (in inserts) false to return an array with the values;
Examples:
execSQL("SELECT * FROM table WHERE id = ?", array('i', $id), false);
execSQL("SELECT * FROM table", array(), false);
execSQL("INSERT INTO table(id, name) VALUES (?,?)", array('ss', $id, $name), true);
<?php
function execSQL($sql, $params, $close){
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "user", "pass", "db");
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql) or die ("Failed to prepared the statement!");
call_user_func_array(array($stmt, 'bind_param'), refValues($params));
$stmt->execute();
if($close){
$result = $mysqli->affected_rows;
} else {
$meta = $stmt->result_metadata();
while ( $field = $meta->fetch_field() ) {
$parameters[] = &$row[$field->name];
}
call_user_func_array(array($stmt, 'bind_result'), refValues($parameters));
while ( $stmt->fetch() ) {
$x = array();
foreach( $row as $key => $val ) {
$x[$key] = $val;
}
$results[] = $x;
}
$result = $results;
}
$stmt->close();
$mysqli->close();
return $result;
}
function refValues($arr){
if (strnatcmp(phpversion(),'5.3') >= 0) //Reference is required for PHP 5.3+
{
$refs = array();
foreach($arr as $key => $value)
$refs[$key] = &$arr[$key];
return $refs;
}
return $arr;
}
?>
Regards
erik at gravyllc dot com (2010-09-21 21:05:10)
WOW! Thanks for the code that fixed the issue with mysqli_stmt_bind_param and PHP 5.3+. Worth sharing again for people getting the error message that a reference was expected and a value was provided. Here's a snippet and the whole function that fixed it!
//Use it like this
call_user_func_array('mysqli_stmt_bind_param', array_merge (array($sql_stmt, $type), $this->refValues($param)));
function refValues($arr)
{
if (strnatcmp(phpversion(),'5.3') >= 0) //Reference is required for PHP 5.3+
{
$refs = array();
foreach($arr as $key => $value)
$refs[$key] = &$arr[$key];
return $refs;
}
return $arr;
}
Mark Reddin (2010-09-08 03:30:16)
Miguel Hatrick's Statement_Parameter class, as posted in these notes, allows for a relatively painless way of writing secure dynamic SQL. It is secure against SQL injection because we still use bind parameters for any content coming from the user.
For example, the following code constructs an insert statement, but looks at which query string (GET) parameters are present in order to figure out which columns should be included. The ParameterManager.php file is simply Miguel's classes as posted in this discussion.
<?php
require_once("dbConnectionParams.php");
require_once("ParameterManager.php");
$sp = new Statement_Parameter();
$column_list = "";
$value_list = "";
if (isset ($_GET['name']) ) {
$column_list = $column_list . "name,";
$value_list = $value_list . "?,";
$sp->Add_Parameter('name', Statement_Parameter_Type::$STATEMENT_TYPE_STRING);
$sp->Set_Parameter('name',$_GET['name']);
}
if (isset($_GET['address']) ) {
$column_list = $column_list . "address,";
$value_list = $value_list . "?,";
$sp->Add_Parameter('address', Statement_Parameter_Type::$STATEMENT_TYPE_STRING);
$sp->Set_Parameter('address',$_GET['address']);
}
//tidy up column list and value list - the code above will always leave them ending in a comma, which we remove now
$column_list = substr($column_list, 0, strlen($column_list) -1);
$value_list = substr($value_list, 0, strlen($value_list) -1);
$sql = "insert into test_table (" . $column_list . ") values (" . $value_list . ");";
echo $sql;
$mysqli = @new mysqli($host,$user,$password,$database);
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql);
$sp->Bind_Params($stmt);
if($stmt->execute() === TRUE)
{
/*** assign the last insert id ***/
$last_id = $mysqli->insert_id;
echo "OK$last_id";
}
else {
echo $mysqli->error;
}
?>
gregg at mochabomb dot com (2010-04-27 22:29:53)
Used the hints above - esp the call_user_func_array - what works simply is passing by reference...
<?php
class MySQL {
// so vars that are global to the class
var $connection;
var $dbc;
function __construct () {
$this->connection = new mysqli(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME);
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
//printf("Could not connect to the DB: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error()); // TMI
printf("Could not connect to the DB");
exit();
}
}
function DBi($info) {
// a call has this array structure
// $this->info['params'] = array('is', &$user, &$name);
// $this->info['query'] = "select id, username, role_id from users where id = ? and name = ?";
// $this->info['close'] = "false"; // return $stmt for further work
//
$mysqli = $this->connection;
$params = $info['params'];
// print_r($info); // debug
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($info['query'])) {
$ret = call_user_func_array (array($stmt,'bind_param'),$info['params']);
// $ret not used yet...
$stmt->execute();
if ($info['close'] == "true") {
$result = $mysqli->affected_rows;
$stmt->close();
return $result;
} else {
return $stmt;
}
} else { printf("Prepared Statement Error: $server_id \n"); }
}
}
?>
The close is generally for inserts, else the $stmt is returned for further processing...
<?php
// call the method to run the prepared query, then return statement handle. If just wanted an insert, use close = true
if ( is_int($user) ) {
$this->info['params'] = array('is', &$user, &$name);
$this->info['query'] = "select id, username, role_id from users where id = ? and name = ?";
$this->info['close'] = "false"; // return $stmt for further work
$stmt = parent::DBi($this->info);
$stmt->bind_result($col1, $col2, $col3);
while( $stmt->fetch() ) {
$res['id'] = $col1;
$res['username'] = $col2;
$res['role_id'] = $col3;
$res['error'] = 0;
}
$stmt->close;
return $res;
}
?>
eisoft (2010-03-18 15:42:16)
I did a prepared statement for inserting in a simple table - images ( blob ) and their unique identifiers ( string ). All my blobs have smaller sizes than the MAX-ALLOWED-PACKET value.
I've found that when binding my BLOB parameter, I need to pass it as a STRING, otherwise it's truncated to zero length in my table. So I have to do this:
<?php
$ok = $stmt->bind_param( 'ss', $id, $im ) ;
?>
fabio at kidopi dot com dot br (2010-03-15 09:14:42)
I used to have problems with call_user_func_array and bind_param after migrating to php 5.3.
The problem is that 5.3 requires array values as reference while 5.2 works with real values.
so i created a secondary function to help me with this...
<?php
function refValues($arr){
if (strnatcmp(phpversion(),'5.3') >= 0) //Reference is required for PHP 5.3+
{
$refs = array();
foreach($arr as $key => $value)
$refs[$key] = &$arr[$key];
return $refs;
}
return $arr;
}
?>
and changed my previous function from:
<?php
call_user_func_array(array($this->stmt, "bind_param"),$this->valores);
?>
to:
<?php
call_user_func_array(array($this->stmt, "bind_param"),refValues($this->valores));
?>
in this way my db functions keep working in php 5.2/5.3 servers.
I hope this help someone.
rejohns at nOsPaMpost dot harvard dot edu (2010-02-10 20:24:36)
You can, in fact, use mysqli_bind_parameter to pass a NULL value to the database. simply create a variable and store the NULL value (see the manpage for it) to the variable and bind that. Works great for me anyway.
Miguel Hatrick (2009-07-17 08:14:52)
This might be helpful for someone. I made a class to manage the parameters
Its used like this:
<?php
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("CALL item_add(?, ?, ?, ?)");
$sp = new Statement_Parameter();
$sp->Add_Parameter('mydescription', Statement_Parameter_Type::$STATEMENT_TYPE_STRING);
$sp->Add_Parameter('myean', Statement_Parameter_Type::$STATEMENT_TYPE_STRING);
$sp->Add_Parameter('myprice', Statement_Parameter_Type::$STATEMENT_TYPE_DOUBLE);
$sp->Add_Parameter('myactive', Statement_Parameter_Type::$STATEMENT_TYPE_INTEGER);
// call this to bind the parameters
$sp->Bind_Params($stmt);
//you can then modify the values as you wish
$sp->Set_Parameter('myactive',0);
$sp->Set_Parameter('mydescription','whatever');
/* execute prepared statement */
$stmt->execute();
class Statement_Parameter
{
private $_array = array();
public function __constructor()
{
}
public function Add_Parameter($name, $type, $value = NULL)
{
$this->_array[$name] = array("type" => $type, "value" => $value);
}
public function Get_Type_String()
{
$types = "";
foreach($this->_array as $name => $la)
$types .= $la['type'];
return $types;
}
public function Set_Parameter($name, $value)
{
if (isset($this->_array[$name]))
{
$this->_array[$name]["value"] = $value;
return true;
}
return false;
}
public function Bind_Params(&$stmt)
{
$ar = Array();
$ar[] = $this->Get_Type_String();
foreach($this->_array as $name => $la)
$ar[] = &$this->_array[$name]['value'];
return call_user_func_array(array($stmt, 'bind_param'),$ar);
}
}
class Statement_Parameter_Type
{
public static $STATEMENT_TYPE_INTEGER = 'i';
public static $STATEMENT_TYPE_DOUBLE = 'd';
public static $STATEMENT_TYPE_STRING = 's';
public static $STATEMENT_TYPE_BLOB = 'b';
}
?>
Kai Sellgren (2009-03-12 15:26:58)
A few notes on this function.
If you specify type "i" (integer), the maximum value it allows you to have is 2^32-1 or 2147483647. So, if you are using UNSIGNED INTEGER or BIGINT in your database, then you are better off using "s" (string) for this.
Here's a quick summary:
(UN)SIGNED TINYINT: I
(UN)SIGNED SMALLINT: I
(UN)SIGNED MEDIUMINT: I
SIGNED INT: I
UNSIGNED INT: S
(UN)SIGNED BIGINT: S
(VAR)CHAR, (TINY/SMALL/MEDIUM/BIG)TEXT/BLOB should all have S.
FLOAT/REAL/DOUBLE (PRECISION) should all be D.
That advice was for MySQL. I have not looked into other database software.
tasdildiren at gmail dot com (2009-02-25 02:29:21)
<?php
/* just explaining how to call mysqli_stmt_bind_param with a parameter array */
$sql_link = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'my_user', 'my_password', 'world');
$type = "isssi";
$param = array("5", "File Description", "File Title", "Original Name", time());
$sql = "INSERT INTO file_detail (file_id, file_description, file_title, file_original_name, file_upload_date) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
$sql_stmt = mysqli_prepare ($sql_link, $sql);
call_user_func_array('mysqli_stmt_bind_param', array_merge (array($sql_stmt, $type), $param);
mysqli_stmt_execute($sql_stmt);
?>
Mahees (2009-02-21 10:34:08)
///////////////////////////////
Im sure many of you may want to use this functionality.
spent about 3hours writing this, so maybe i can save somone else some time, you can break it up into smaller functions for reuse as you wish.
the mysqli stmt bind param (mysqli_stmt_bind_param) function only takes one variable at a time, so its difficult to pass in a few variables to fill in the placeholder space.
this allows mysqli prepared statements with variable arguments, one sql template with multiple placeholders to be prepared and excuted.
hope this helps somone,
Mahees.
///////////////////////////////
<?php
$uname = 'mahees';
$pass = 'mahees';
$userPassArr = DataAccess::fetch('SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ?', $uname, $pass);
print_r($userPassArr);
/*
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[id] => 1
[username] => mahees
[password] => mahees
)
)
*/
$userPassArr = DataAccess::fetch('SELECT * FROM users');
print_r($userPassArr);
/*
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[id] => 1
[username] => mahees
[password] => mahees
)
[1] => Array
(
[id] => 4
[username] => foo
[password] => bar
)
[2] => Array
(
[id] => 5
[username] => bar
[password] => baz
)
)
*/
//********* function in DataAccess class *********
//im sure this can be written better with more checks...but principle stands
static function fetch() {
$args = func_get_args();
$sql = array_shift($args);
$link = self::establish_db_conn();
if (!$stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)) {
self::close_db_conn();
die('Please check your sql statement : unable to prepare');
}
$types = str_repeat('s', count($args));
array_unshift($args, $types);
array_unshift($args, $stmt);
call_user_func_array('mysqli_stmt_bind_param', $args);
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
$result = mysqli_stmt_result_metadata($stmt);
$fields = array();
while ($field = mysqli_fetch_field($result)) {
$name = $field->name;
$fields[$name] = &$$name;
}
array_unshift($fields, $stmt);
call_user_func_array('mysqli_stmt_bind_result', $fields);
array_shift($fields);
$results = array();
while (mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)) {
$temp = array();
foreach($fields as $key => $val) { $temp[$key] = $val; }
array_push($results, $temp);
}
mysqli_free_result($result);
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
self::close_db_conn();
return $results;
}
?>
mark at x2software dot net (2008-09-07 14:26:09)
I wanted to pass the parameters for several queries to a single function to fill them (insert / update having the same fields for example), while at the same time making the types array a bit easier to maintain when you've got a lot of parameters. Here's a simple solution I came up with:
<?php
function bindParameters(&$statement, &$params)
{
$args = array();
$args[] = implode('', array_values($params));
foreach ($params as $paramName => $paramType)
{
$args[] = &$params[$paramName];
$params[$paramName] = null;
}
call_user_func_array(array(&$statement, 'bind_param'), $args);
}
// Usage:
$statement = $database->prepare('INSERT INTO test (value1, value2) VALUES (?, ?)');
$params = array('param1' => 's',
'param2' => 'i');
bindParameters($statement, $params);
$params['param1'] = 'parameter test';
$params['param2'] = 42;
$statement->execute();
?>
Note that the types will be overwritten after a call to bindParameters to provide a sensible default (otherwise it will be used as the parameter value when you execute the statement), so you need to reinitialize the types if you want to bind it to another statement.
jette at nerdgirl dot dk (2008-07-17 01:46:37)
I already have a database class that makes everything nice and easy. But when it came to preparing, binding and executing, I found it was a real challenge to boil things down.
But luckily I stumbled over a bug-report with a workaround, that pointed me in the right direction.: http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=43568
I now execute stored procedures (aka routines) like this:
<?php
$db = new myDb();
$db->execProcedure('call someProc(?,?)','ss',array('param1','param2'));
?>
And this is the code to make it happen:
(I extracted this example from a bigger context, but you probably get the idea)
<?php
class myDb extends mysqli {
public function __construct() {
//Connection established here
}
public function execProcedure($call,$types,$params) {
$stmt = $this->prepare($call);
$bind_names[] = $types;
for ($i=0; $i<count($params);$i++) {
$bind_name = 'bind' . $i;
$$bind_name = $params[$i];
$bind_names[] = &$$bind_name;
}
$return = call_user_func_array(array($stmt,'bind_param'),$bind_names);
$stmt->execute();
$stmt->close();
}
}
michael dot martinek at gmail dot com (2007-12-30 05:00:17)
Small correction. This version removes the NULL element from the array, so it doesn't fall on to the next ? when passed to mysql_stmt_bind_param(). Note that $saParams is still passed by reference, but now it is being modified.
<?php
function preparse_prepared($sQuery, &$saParams)
{
$nPos = 0;
$sRetval = $sQuery;
foreach ($saParams as $x_Key => $Param)
{
//if we find no more ?'s we're done then
if (($nPos = strpos($sQuery, '?', $nPos + 1)) === false)
{
break;
}
//this test must be done second, because we need to increment offsets of $nPos for each ?.
//we have no need to parse anything that isn't NULL.
if (!is_null($Param))
{
continue;
}
//null value, replace this ? with NULL.
$sRetval = substr_replace($sRetval, 'NULL', $nPos, 1);
//unset this element now
unset($saParams[$x_Key]);
}
return $sRetval;
}
?>
michael dot martinek at gmail dot com (2007-12-30 04:52:12)
I've found that you can't pass NULL values in using mysql_stmt_bind_param. Recently I ran into this problem because I wrote some MySQL routines that would update existing data, but only when the value wasn't NULL.
My solution to work around this is simple:
<?php
function preparse_prepared($sQuery, &$saParams)
{
$nPos = 0;
$sRetval = $sQuery;
foreach ($saParams as $Param)
{
//if we find no more ?'s we're done then
if (($nPos = strpos($sQuery, '?', $nPos + 1)) === false)
{
break;
}
//this test must be done second, because we need to increment offsets of $nPos for each ?.
//we have no need to parse anything that isn't NULL.
if (!is_null($Param))
{
continue;
}
//null value, replace this ? with NULL.
$sRetval = substr_replace($sRetval, 'NULL', $nPos, 1);
}
return $sRetval;
}
?>
This will iterate the given list of parameters and replace any null values in the query with an actual null value. You'll want to use the resulting $sQuery to pass to mysqli_prepare(). For that, I use another routine that generates a list of the values (s, i, etc).
For example:
<?php
array_unshift($saParams, $this->getPreparedTypeString($saParams));
array_unshift($saParams, $stmt);
call_user_func_array('mysqli_stmt_bind_param', $saParams);
?>
Where getPreparedTypeString is defined as:
<?php
public static function getPreparedTypeString(&$saParams)
{
$sRetval = '';
//if not an array, or empty.. return empty string
if (!is_array($saParams) || !count($saParams))
{
return $sRetval;
}
//iterate the elements and figure out what they are, and append to result
foreach ($saParams as $Param)
{
if (is_int($Param))
{
$sRetval .= 'i';
}
else if (is_double($Param))
{
$sRetval .= 'd';
}
else if (is_string($Param))
{
$sRetval .= 's';
}
}
return $sRetval;
}
?>
To clarify why I pass array values by reference: They aren't being modified, so I don't want copies of them begin made in memory as they may be large. In other languages, this is much more efficient. Not sure if PHP handles passing values on a "copy on edit" basis.. but I'm guessing not.
Anonymous (2007-12-15 10:24:50)
It's worth noting that you have to bind all parameters in one fell swoop - you can't go through and call bind_param once for each.
usera at example dot com (2007-07-20 08:50:47)
Some examples in the documentation suggest that you can call $stmt->bind_param() once, then call $stmt->execute() several times while altering the bound variables each time, so as to e.g. insert several records into a data base. This is not true.
You need to call $stmt->bind_param() once each time AFTER you altered the set of variables, and BEFORE you call $stmt->execute()
This may be a bug. If it is not, the documentation is flawed, and there is no gain to the programmer using the new mysqli interface at this point.
mixleplix1 at yahoo dot com (2007-06-19 13:12:22)
To continue on previous post
Bigints and the 'd' type:
If the digit you insert is longer then 16 digits the last digits will alter. I was noticing this in my inserts.
1111111111111111111 changes to 1111111111111111168
I had to switch to using 's' as type
flame (2007-02-18 20:44:29)
Columns with type bigint need to be specified as type 'd' NOT 'i'.
Using 'i' results in large numbers (eg 3000169151) being truncated.
--
flame