Using Phar Archives
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Using Phar Archives: Introduction

Phar archives are similar in concept to Java JAR archives, but are tailored to the needs and to the flexibility of PHP applications. A Phar archive is used to distribute a complete PHP application or library in a single file. A Phar archive application is used exactly like any other PHP application:

php coolapplication.phar
  

Using a Phar archive library is identical to using any other PHP library:

<?php
include 'coollibrary.phar';
?>

The phar stream wrapper provides the core of the phar extension, and is explained in detail here. The phar stream wrapper allows accessing the files within a phar archive using PHP's standard file functions fopen(), opendir(), and others that work on regular files. The phar stream wrapper supports all read/write operations on both files and directories.

<?php
include 'phar://coollibrary.phar/internal/file.php';
header('Content-type: image/jpeg');
// phars can be accessed by full path or by alias
echo file_get_contents('phar:///fullpath/to/coollibrary.phar/images/wow.jpg');
?>

The Phar class implements advanced functionality for accessing files and for creating phar archives. The Phar class is explained in detail here.

<?php
try {
    
// open an existing phar
    
$p = new Phar('coollibrary.phar'0);
    
// Phar extends SPL's DirectoryIterator class
    
foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator($p) as $file) {
        
// $file is a PharFileInfo class, and inherits from SplFileInfo
        
echo $file->getFileName() . "\n";
        echo 
file_get_contents($file->getPathName()) . "\n"// display contents;
    
}
    if (isset(
$p['internal/file.php'])) {
        
var_dump($p['internal/file.php']->getMetadata());
    }

    
// create a new phar - phar.readonly must be 0 in php.ini
    // phar.readonly is enabled by default for security reasons.
    // On production servers, Phars need never be created,
    // only executed.
    
if (Phar::canWrite()) {
        
$p = new Phar('newphar.tar.phar'0'newphar.tar.phar');
        
// make this a tar-based phar archive, compressed with gzip compression (.tar.gz)
        
$p $p->convertToExecutable(Phar::TARPhar::GZ);

        
// create transaction - nothing is written to newphar.phar
        // until stopBuffering() is called, although temporary storage is needed
        
$p->startBuffering();
        
// add all files in /path/to/project, saving in the phar with the prefix "project"
        
$p->buildFromIterator(new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new DirectoryIterator('/path/to/project')), '/path/to/');

        
// add a new file via the array access API
        
$p['file1.txt'] = 'Information';
        
$fp fopen('hugefile.dat''rb');
        
// copy all data from the stream
        
$p['data/hugefile.dat'] = $fp;

        if (
Phar::canCompress(Phar::GZ)) {
            
$p['data/hugefile.dat']->compress(Phar::GZ);
        }

        
$p['images/wow.jpg'] = file_get_contents('images/wow.jpg');
        
// any value can be saved as file-specific meta-data
        
$p['images/wow.jpg']->setMetadata(array('mime-type' => 'image/jpeg'));
        
$p['index.php'] = file_get_contents('index.php');
        
$p->setMetadata(array('bootstrap' => 'index.php'));

        
// save the phar archive to disk
        
$p->stopBuffering();
    }
} catch (
Exception $e) {
    echo 
'Could not open Phar: '$e;
}
?>

In addition, verification of phar file contents can be done using any of the supported symmetric hash algorithms (MD5, SHA1, SHA256 and SHA512 if ext/hash is enabled) and using asymmetric public/private key signing using OpenSSL (new in Phar 2.0.0). To take advantage of OpenSSL signing, you need to generate a public/private key pair, and use the private key to set the signature using Phar::setSignatureAlgorithm(). In addition, the public key as extracted using this code:

<?php
$public 
openssl_get_publickey(file_get_contents('private.pem'));
$pkey '';
openssl_pkey_export($public$pkey);
?>
must be saved adjacent to the phar archive it verifies. If the phar archive is saved as /path/to/my.phar, the public key must be saved as /path/to/my.phar.pubkey, or phar will be unable to verify the OpenSSL signature.

As of version 2.0.0, The Phar class also provides 3 static methods, Phar::webPhar(), Phar::mungServer() and Phar::interceptFileFuncs() that are crucial to packaging up PHP applications designed for usage on regular filesystems and for web-based applications. Phar::webPhar() implements a front controller that routes HTTP calls to the correct location within the phar archive. Phar::mungServer() is used to modify the values of the $_SERVER array to trick applications that process these values. Phar::interceptFileFuncs() instructs Phar to intercept calls to fopen(), file_get_contents(), opendir(), and all of the stat-based functions ( file_exists(), is_readable() and so on) and route all relative paths to locations within the phar archive.

As an example, packaging up a release of the popular phpMyAdmin application for use as a phar archive requires only this simple script and then phpMyAdmin.phar.tar.php can be accessed as a regular file from your web server after modifying the user/password:

<?php
@unlink('phpMyAdmin.phar.tar.php');
copy('phpMyAdmin-2.11.3-english.tar.gz''phpMyAdmin.phar.tar.php');
$a = new Phar('phpMyAdmin.phar.tar.php');
$a->startBuffering();
$a["phpMyAdmin-2.11.3-english/config.inc.php"] = '<?php
/* Servers configuration */
$i = 0;

/* Server localhost (config:root) [1] */
$i++;
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'host\'] = \'localhost\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'extension\'] = \'mysqli\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'connect_type\'] = \'tcp\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'compress\'] = false;
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'auth_type\'] = \'config\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'user\'] = \'root\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'password\'] = \'\';


/* End of servers configuration */
if (strpos(PHP_OS, \'WIN\') !== false) {
    $cfg[\'UploadDir\'] = getcwd();
} else {
    $cfg[\'UploadDir\'] = \'/tmp/pharphpmyadmin\';
    @mkdir(\'/tmp/pharphpmyadmin\');
    @chmod(\'/tmp/pharphpmyadmin\', 0777);
}'
;
$a->setStub('<?php
Phar::interceptFileFuncs();
Phar::webPhar("phpMyAdmin.phar", "phpMyAdmin-2.11.3-english/index.php");
echo "phpMyAdmin is intended to be executed from a web browser\n";
exit -1;
__HALT_COMPILER();
'
);
$a->stopBuffering();
?>


Using Phar Archives
在线手册:中文  英文

用户评论:

frame86 at live dot com (2013-06-29 23:46:20)

The openssl example is completely wrong. The public key must be extracted from certificate and openssl_pkey_export() is for private key only.

Working example:
<?php
$publicKey 
openssl_get_publickey(file_get_contents('certificate.pem'));
$details openssl_pkey_get_details($publicKey);
file_put_contents('my.phar.pubkey'$details['key']);
?>

No need to say that the best and strongest encryption of my.phar/.phar/signature.bin is useless if the consumer does not check against a valid fingerprint or certificate of public key as anybody can open, read, recreate and sign a new archive with new key. Do you do? Think about it.

paa dot listas at gmail dot com (2012-04-24 19:19:24)

In the latest version of phpMyAdmin, this link, in the home page, does not work under PHAR:

"The phpMyAdmin configuration storage is not completely configured, some extended features have been deactivated. To find out why click here."

Where 

'here' == http://xxx.tld/chk_rel.php?token=8f42712b867a3060d34d3eaa418c3c

I used this code to build the:

----- CUT HERE (phpMyAdmin-2-phar.php) -----
<?php

/*

     $ ls ./
     phpMyAdmin-2-phar.php                       <-- This file.
     phpMyAdmin-3.5.0-all-languages.tar.gz

*/

$APP_NAME='Milib';
$MYAPP='phpMyAdmin3.phar.tar.php';
$SRC_APP='phpMyAdmin-3.5.0-all-languages.tar.gz';
$APP_ALIAS='phpMyAdmin.phar';
$APP_PREFIX_PATH='phpMyAdmin-3.5.0-all-languages';
$APP_START_PAGE="$APP_PREFIX_PATH/index.php";

@
unlink($MYAPP);
copy($SRC_APP$MYAPP);
$a = new Phar($MYAPP);
$a->startBuffering();
$a["$APP_PREFIX_PATH/config.inc.php"] = '<?php
/* Servers configuration */
$i = 0;

/* Server localhost (config:root) [1] */
$i++;
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'host\'] = \'localhost\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'extension\'] = \'mysqli\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'connect_type\'] = \'tcp\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'compress\'] = false;
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'auth_type\'] = \'config\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'user\'] = \'root\';
$cfg[\'Servers\'][$i][\'password\'] = \'secret0\';

/* End of servers configuration */
if (strpos(PHP_OS, \'WIN\') !== false) {
    $cfg[\'UploadDir\'] = getcwd();
} else {
    $cfg[\'UploadDir\'] = \'/tmp/pharphpmyadmin\';
    @mkdir(\'/tmp/pharphpmyadmin\');
    @chmod(\'/tmp/pharphpmyadmin\', 0777);
}'
;

$stub=sprintf("<?php
Phar::interceptFileFuncs();
Phar::webPhar('%s', '%s');
echo 'This application is intended to be executed from a web browser\n';
exit -1;
__HALT_COMPILER();
"
$APP_ALIAS$APP_START_PAGE);

$a->setStub($stub);
$a->stopBuffering();
?>
----- END --------------

shaun at shaunfreeman dot co dot uk (2010-09-27 03:06:33)

If you are trying to use Phar for a web application and just getting a blank screen, if you have enabled suhosin as well you have to add:
suhosin.executor.include.whitelist="phar"
to "/etc/php5/conf.d/suhosin.ini" file or your "php.ini" file.
once done everything works fine and dandy.

kkotowicz at gmail dot com (2010-08-24 10:03:44)

I've made a few PHP command line utilities that simplify building and using Phar archives, especially when one wants to use OpenSSL signing. The source code & docs are on http://github.com/koto/phar-util . The project is distributed as a PEAR package - http://pear.kotowicz.net
Available tools are:
* phar-build for building and signing Phar archives
* phar-extract for extracting/listing contents of Phar archive
* phar-verify for verifying signature of Phar archive
* phar-generate-cert for generating OpenSSL certificates used to sign the Phar archives

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