一些要用到的技术:
- Spring 3.2.8.RELEASE
- Spring Security 3.2.3.RELEASE
- Eclipse 4.2
- JDK 1.6
- Maven 3
- Tomcat 7 (Servlet 3.x)
一些需要注意的事项:
-
本教程使用 WebApplicationInitializer 来自动加载 Spring 上下文加载器,这些仅在 Servlet 3.X 容器中支持,例如:Tomcat7和 Jetty8。
-
由于我们使用了WebApplicationInitializer,所以不需要web.xml配置文件。
-
Spring Security注释在旧版本的Servlet容器2.x中支持,例如:Tomcat6. 如果您使用经典的XML文件来加载Spring上下文,本教程仍然能够部署在Servlet容器2.X 中,例如,Tomcat6。
2. 目录结构
3. Spring Security依懒
要使用Spring security, 我们需要 spring-security-web 和 spring-security-config.
<properties> <jdk.version>1.6</jdk.version> <spring.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version> <spring.security.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</spring.security.version> <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- Spring 3 dependencies --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring Security --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- jstl for jsp page --> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>${jstl.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
4. Spring MVC Web应用程序
一些简单的控制器,如下所示:
- 如果 URL = /welcome 或 / , 返回 hello 页面;
- 如果 URL = /admin , 返回 admin 页面;
- 如果 URL = /dba , 返回admin 页面;
接下来,我们将保证 /admin 和 /dba URLs.
package com.yiibai.web.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping(value = { "/", "/welcome**" }, method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView welcomePage() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(); model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Hello World"); model.addObject("message", "This is welcome page!"); model.setViewName("hello"); return model; } @RequestMapping(value = "/admin**", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView adminPage() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(); model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Hello World"); model.addObject("message", "This is protected page - Admin Page!"); model.setViewName("admin"); return model; } @RequestMapping(value = "/dba**", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView dbaPage() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(); model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Hello World"); model.addObject("message", "This is protected page - Database Page!"); model.setViewName("admin"); return model; } }
两个 JSP 页面如下所示:
<%@page session="false"%> <html> <body> <h1>Title : ${title}</h1> <h1>Message : ${message}</h1> </body> </html>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <%@page session="true"%> <html> <body> <h1>Title : ${title}</h1> <h1>Message : ${message}</h1> <c:if test="${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name != null}"> <h2>Welcome : ${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name} | <a href="<c:url value="/logout" />" > Logout</a></h2> </c:if> </body> </html>
5. Spring Security配置
5.1创建 Spring Security 配置文件,并 @EnableWebSecurity 注解,如下代码所示:
package com.yiibai.config; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("yiibai").password("123456").roles("USER"); auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("admin").password("123456").roles("ADMIN"); auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("dba").password("123456").roles("DBA"); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .antMatchers("/admin/**").access("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')") .antMatchers("/dba/**").access("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN') or hasRole('ROLE_DBA')") .and().formLogin(); } }
这等同于以下 Spring Security xml 文件:
<http auto-config="true"> <intercept-url pattern="/admin**" access="ROLE_ADMIN" /> <intercept-url pattern="/dba**" access="ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_DBA" /> </http> <authentication-manager> <authentication-provider> <user-service> <user name="yiibai" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_USER" /> <user name="admin" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_ADMIN" /> <user name="dba" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_DBA" /> </user-service> </authentication-provider> </authentication-manager>
5.2 创建一个扩展 AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer 的一个类, 它将会自动地加载 springSecurityFilterChain 。
package com.yiibai.config.core; import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer; public class SpringSecurityInitializer extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer { //do nothing }
这等同于以下 Spring Security 中的 web.xml 文件,如下:
<filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
6. Spring MVC配置
6.1 这是一个配置类, 定义视图技术和导入上述 SecurityConfig.java.
package com.yiibai.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView; @EnableWebMvc @Configuration @ComponentScan({ "com.yiibai.web.*" }) @Import({ SecurityConfig.class }) public class AppConfig { @Bean public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() { InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver(); viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/pages/"); viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); return viewResolver; } }
这将等同于以下 Spring XML文件:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yiibai.web.*" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean>
6.2 创建一个 Initializer 类来加载所有的一切,如下代码:
package com.yiibai.config.core; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; import com.yiibai.config.AppConfig; public class SpringMvcInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { AppConfig.class }; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return null; } @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[] { "/" }; } }
到这里,实例介绍完成了,您可以参考本实例并自己亲自动实践一下体验。
7. 示例
7.1. 打开进入欢迎页面 – http://localhost:8080/spsecurity-helloworld-annotation/welcome 如下图所示 -
7.2 尝试访问 http://localhost:8080/spsecurity-helloworld-annotation/admin 页面,Spring Security将截取请求并重定向到 /login,并显示一个默认的登录表单。
7.3. 如果用户名和密码不正确,将提示(显示)错误信息,并且Spring将重定向到网址:http://localhost:8080/spsecurity-helloworld-annotation/login?error.
7.4. 如果用户名和密码是正确的,Spring将请求重定向到原来请求的URL并显示该网页。
7.5.对于未经授权的用户,Spring会显示403拒绝访问页面。例如,用户名 “yiibai” 或 “dba” 尝试访问 /admin 这个网址。可以看到一个禁止访问的提示 -
下载源代码
参考