这种模式是非常相似byType,但它应用于构造器参数。 Spring容器在外观上autowire属性被设置XML配置文件中bean的。然后,它尝试匹配和连线它的构造函数的参数与bean名称的配置文件只有一个。如果找到匹配项,它会注入这些bean,否则,它会抛出异常。
例如,如果一个bean定义设置为通过构造配置文件自动装配,它具有与拼写检查类型的参数之一的构造函数,春天寻找一个bean定义namedSpellChecker,并用它来设置构造函数的参数。仍然可以使用<constructor-arg>标签连线剩余的参数。下面的例子将说明这个概念。
让我们使用Eclipse IDE,然后按照下面的步骤来创建一个Spring应用程序:
步骤 | 描述 |
---|---|
1 | Create a project with a name SpringExample and create a package com.yiibai under the src folder in the created project. |
2 | Add required Spring libraries using Add External JARs option as explained in the Spring Hello World Example chapter. |
3 | Create Java classes TextEditor, SpellChecker and MainApp under the com.yiibaipackage. |
4 | Create Beans configuration file Beans.xml under the src folder. |
5 | The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and Bean Configuration file and run the application as explained below. |
这里是TextEditor.java文件的内容:
package com.yiibai; public class TextEditor { private SpellChecker spellChecker; private String name; public TextEditor( SpellChecker spellChecker, String name ) { this.spellChecker = spellChecker; this.name = name; } public SpellChecker getSpellChecker() { return spellChecker; } public String getName() { return name; } public void spellCheck() { spellChecker.checkSpelling(); } }
下面是另外一个相关的类文件SpellChecker.java内容:
package com.yiibai; public class SpellChecker { public SpellChecker(){ System.out.println("Inside SpellChecker constructor." ); } public void checkSpelling() { System.out.println("Inside checkSpelling." ); } }
以下是MainApp.java文件的内容:
package com.yiibai; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MainApp { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml"); TextEditor te = (TextEditor) context.getBean("textEditor"); te.spellCheck(); } }
以下是在正常情况下的配置文件beans.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- Definition for textEditor bean --> <bean id="textEditor" class="com.yiibai.TextEditor"> <constructor-arg ref="spellChecker" /> <constructor-arg value="Generic Text Editor"/> </bean> <!-- Definition for spellChecker bean --> <bean id="spellChecker" class="com.yiibai.SpellChecker"> </bean> </beans>
但是,如果要使用由“构造函数”自动装配,那么XML配置文件将如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- Definition for textEditor bean --> <bean id="textEditor" class="com.yiibai.TextEditor" autowire="constructor"> <constructor-arg value="Generic Text Editor"/> </bean> <!-- Definition for spellChecker bean --> <bean id="SpellChecker" class="com.yiibai.SpellChecker"> </bean> </beans>
创建源代码和bean配置文件完成后,让我们运行应用程序。如果一切顺利,这将打印以下信息:
Inside SpellChecker constructor. Inside checkSpelling.