(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PECL pdo >= 0.1.0)
PDOStatement::fetch — 从结果集中获取下一行
$fetch_style
[, int $cursor_orientation = PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT
[, int $cursor_offset = 0
]]] )
从一个 PDOStatement 对象相关的结果集中获取下一行。fetch_style 参数决定 POD 如何返回行。
fetch_style
控制下一行如何返回给调用者。此值必须是 PDO::FETCH_* 系列常量中的一个，缺省为 PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE 的值 （默认为 PDO::FETCH_BOTH ）。
PDO::FETCH_ASSOC：返回一个索引为结果集列名的数组
PDO::FETCH_BOTH（默认）：返回一个索引为结果集列名和以0开始的列号的数组
PDO::FETCH_BOUND：返回 TRUE ，并分配结果集中的列值给 PDOStatement::bindColumn() 方法绑定的 PHP 变量。
PDO::FETCH_CLASS：返回一个请求类的新实例，映射结果集中的列名到类中对应的属性名。如果 fetch_style 包含 PDO::FETCH_CLASSTYPE（例如：PDO::FETCH_CLASS |
PDO::FETCH_CLASSTYPE），则类名由第一列的值决定
PDO::FETCH_INTO：更新一个被请求类已存在的实例，映射结果集中的列到类中命名的属性
PDO::FETCH_LAZY：结合使用 PDO::FETCH_BOTH 和 PDO::FETCH_OBJ，创建供用来访问的对象变量名
PDO::FETCH_NUM：返回一个索引为以0开始的结果集列号的数组
PDO::FETCH_OBJ：返回一个属性名对应结果集列名的匿名对象
cursor_orientation
对于 一个 PDOStatement 对象表示的可滚动游标，该值决定了哪一行将被返回给调用者。此值必须是 PDO::FETCH_ORI_* 系列常量中的一个，默认为 PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT。要想让 PDOStatement 对象使用可滚动游标，必须在用 PDO::prepare() 预处理SQL语句时，设置 PDO::ATTR_CURSOR 属性为 PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL。
offset
对于一个 cursor_orientation 参数设置为 PDO::FETCH_ORI_ABS 的PDOStatement 对象代表的可滚动游标，此值指定结果集中想要获取行的绝对行号。
对于一个 cursor_orientation 参数设置为 PDO::FETCH_ORI_REL 的PDOStatement 对象代表的可滚动游标，此值指定想要获取行相对于调用 PDOStatement::fetch() 前游标的位置
此函数（方法）成功时返回的值依赖于提取类型。在所有情况下，失败都返回 FALSE 。
Example #1 使用不同的提取方式获取行
<?php
$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT name, colour FROM fruit");
$sth->execute();
/* 运用 PDOStatement::fetch 风格 */
print("PDO::FETCH_ASSOC: ");
print("Return next row as an array indexed by column name\n");
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
print_r($result);
print("\n");
print("PDO::FETCH_BOTH: ");
print("Return next row as an array indexed by both column name and number\n");
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOTH);
print_r($result);
print("\n");
print("PDO::FETCH_LAZY: ");
print("Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties\n");
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_LAZY);
print_r($result);
print("\n");
print("PDO::FETCH_OBJ: ");
print("Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties\n");
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
print $result->NAME;
print("\n");
?>
以上例程会输出：
PDO::FETCH_ASSOC: Return next row as an array indexed by column name
Array
(
[NAME] => apple
[COLOUR] => red
)
PDO::FETCH_BOTH: Return next row as an array indexed by both column name and number
Array
(
[NAME] => banana
[0] => banana
[COLOUR] => yellow
[1] => yellow
)
PDO::FETCH_LAZY: Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties
PDORow Object
(
[NAME] => orange
[COLOUR] => orange
)
PDO::FETCH_OBJ: Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties
kiwi
Example #2 使用一个可滚动游标获取行
<?php
function readDataForwards($dbh) {
$sql = 'SELECT hand, won, bet FROM mynumbers ORDER BY BET';
try {
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql, array(PDO::ATTR_CURSOR => PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL));
$stmt->execute();
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM, PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT)) {
$data = $row[0] . "\t" . $row[1] . "\t" . $row[2] . "\n";
print $data;
}
$stmt = null;
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
print $e->getMessage();
}
}
function readDataBackwards($dbh) {
$sql = 'SELECT hand, won, bet FROM mynumbers ORDER BY bet';
try {
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql, array(PDO::ATTR_CURSOR => PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL));
$stmt->execute();
$row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM, PDO::FETCH_ORI_LAST);
do {
$data = $row[0] . "\t" . $row[1] . "\t" . $row[2] . "\n";
print $data;
} while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM, PDO::FETCH_ORI_PRIOR));
$stmt = null;
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
print $e->getMessage();
}
}
print "Reading forwards:\n";
readDataForwards($conn);
print "Reading backwards:\n";
readDataBackwards($conn);
?>
以上例程会输出：
Reading forwards: 21 10 5 16 0 5 19 20 10 Reading backwards: 19 20 10 16 0 5 21 10 5
sumariva at gmail dot com (2013-05-29 18:02:50)
I got problems during fetch of stored procedures with mssql following PDOException:
SQLSTATE[IMSSP]: The active result for the query contains no fields
with a a prepared statement like:
EXEC [mydb].[stored_procedure_that_returns_select] ?;
The solution was to supress the count of records
SET NOCOUNT ON; EXEC [mydb].[stored_procedure_that_returns_select] ?;
Hope it helps!
gergo at gergoerdosi dot com (2013-02-11 16:07:47)
When using PDO::FETCH_COLUMN in a while loop, it's not enough to just use the value in the while statement as many examples show:
<?php
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN)) {
print $row;
}
?>
If there are 5 rows with values 1 2 0 4 5, then the while loop above will stop at the third row printing only 1 2. The solution is to either explicitly test for false:
<?php
while (($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN)) !== false) {
print $row;
}
?>
Or use foreach with fetchAll():
<?php
foreach ($stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) as $row) {
print $row;
}
?>
Both will correctly print 1 2 0 4 5.
sumariva at gmail dot com (2012-07-04 16:17:40)
I could use PDO::FETCH_COLUMN to retrieve the first column from result.
$ps->fetch( PDO::FETCH_COLUMN );
Worked on Postgresql with PHP 5.3.10.
Alex (2011-09-07 02:32:13)
It seems that if you do a $statement->query() with an INSERT statement and after that a $statement->fetch() you will get an exception saying: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error.
henry at henrysmith dot org (2011-08-06 09:24:12)
Someone's already pointed out that PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL isn't supported by the SQLite driver. It's also worth noting that it's not supported by the MySQL driver either.
In fact, if you try to use scrollable cursors with a MySQL statement, the PDO::FETCH_ORI_ABS parameter and the offset given to fetch() will be silently ignored. fetch() will behave as normal, returning rows in the order in which they came out of the database.
It's actually pretty confusing behaviour at first. Definitely worth documenting even if only as a user-added note on this page.
Ome Ko (2011-06-20 16:46:53)
Don't do
if($objStatement->fetch()) return $objStatement->fetch();
You want
if($blah=$objStatement->fetch()) return $blah;
Trust me on this one.
public at grik dot net (2010-11-24 15:10:28)
When fetching an object, the constructor of the class is called after the fields are populated by default.
PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE is used to change the behaviour and make it work as expected - constructor be called _before_ the object fields will be populated with the data.
sample:
<?php
$a = $PDO->query('select id from table');
$a->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_CLASS|PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE, 'ClassName');
$obj = $a->fetch();
?>
http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=53394
Negative Black (2010-08-24 10:50:38)
When fetching multiple rows into an object. It is necessary to clone the objects returned by the PDOStatement::fetch() operation. Otherwise you will just get a list of pointers to the object located inside the statement, containing the information of the last row.
Example:
<?php
$stmt = $pdoLink->prepare("SELECT * FROM `table`;");
$stmt->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_INTO, new myClass());
$stmt->execute();
// Assuming there are multiple rows in the table.
while ($object = $stmt->fetch()) {
$result[] = clone $object;
}
var_dump($result);
?>
Typer85 at gmail dot com (2010-02-01 15:03:02)
Here is quick note for developers that use the PDO SQLite Driver:
The PDO SQLite driver does not support cursors, so using the PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL Attribute, will not work when using the PDO SQLite driver. For example:
<?php
// Assuming $Handle Is a PDO Handle.
$Statement = $Handle->query( $sqlStatement , array( PDO::ATTR_CURSOR => PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL ) );
?>
What is even worse is that PDO::prepare will NOT throw an Exception when it fails to prepare the query, even when the error mode is set to throw Exceptions, and will instead return a Boolean False!
Not only do I consider this a poor design choice, but also its a real shame that this is not documented anywhere in the manual -- in fact the manual is not clear on what Attributes are supported by which drivers and which are not so developers are left to play a classic game of guess.
I hope this saves some developers some headaches.
Good Luck,
Typer85 at gmail dot com (2010-01-26 17:52:33)
Just thought I would point out something interesting that caught my eye.
Once you retrieve a PDOStatement, whether for a prepared statement or a normal result set, the connection status of your PDO handle is no longer taken into consideration!
The PHP Manual clearly states that to open a PDO connection, create a new Instance of the PDO Class. To close a PDO connection, destroy the Instance, possibly by setting it to a Null Reference. The PDO Instance in this case is your handle.
Here is the interesting part. If you close the PDO connection, as described above, you can still continue to either execute a prepared statement or iterate through a result set!
For example, the following code will work perfectly fine:
<?php
// Open Handle.
$Handle = new PDO( 'mysql:host=localhost; dbname=LOG' , 'root' );
$Handle->setAttribute( PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE , PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION );
// Prepare Statement.
$Statement = $Handle->prepare( "SELECT * FROM ERROR" );
// Close Handle.
$Handle = null;
// Execute Statement. Amazing How There Is No Problem Even Though The Connection Is Closed!
$Statement->execute();
// Iterate Result. Again, Amazing How There Is No Problem!
while( $row = $Statement->fetch( PDO::FETCH_BOTH , PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT ) ) {
}
?>
You do not even need to prepare a statement. A native query also has no problems, like the following code:
<?php
// Open Handle.
$Handle = new PDO( 'mysql:host=localhost; dbname=LOG' , 'root' );
$Handle->setAttribute( PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE , PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION );
// Query Statement.
$Statement = $Handle->query( "SELECT * FROM ERROR" );
// Close Handle.
$Handle = null;
// Iterate Result.
$Statement->fetchAll( );
?>
I am not sure if this is a bug or not but its a big gottcha for developers coming from other envrionments, such as .NET or even those PHP developers used to using the native database functions before PDO came around.
For example, using the native mysql_* Functions, the following will not work:
<?php
mysql_connect( "localhost" , "root");
mysql_select_db( "LOG" );
mysql_close( );
mysql_query( "SELECT * FROM ERROR" );
?>
Good Luck,
dj UNDERSCORE robe AT hotmail DOT com (2010-01-22 04:33:54)
A word of caution regarding fh at ez dot no's note: as of PHP 5.2.12 the constructor is called *before* the data is set in FETCH_CLASS mode. The previous behaviour seems to be considered a bug (http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=49521), so don't rely on it.
lod (2008-07-16 09:33:34)
A quick one liner to get the first entry returned. This is nice for very basic queries.
<?php
$count = current($db->query("select count(*) from table")->fetch());
?>php
lozitskiys at gmail dot com (2008-07-09 05:21:57)
I spent some hours trying to find out how to manipulate with BLOB fields using PDO.
Remember that you can't retreive BLOB data using something like this :
<?php
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM sometable LIMIT 1';
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute();
$stmt->setAttribute(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$row = $stmt->fetch();
$myFile = $row['file'];
?>
Instead of this you should try following approach:
<?php
$sql = "SELECT mime, file FROM sometable LIMIT 1";
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute();
$stmt->bindColumn(1, $mime,);
$stmt->bindColumn(2, $file, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$stmt->fetch();
header('Content-type: '.$mime);
print $file;
?>
josh (2008-04-29 00:02:39)
Note that PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES will NOT work for the MySQL driver. MySQL will always return strings because that is the behaviour of the core mysql PHP extension. See http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=44341
daltenho at yahoo dot com (2008-01-28 09:17:29)
As an alternative to marcini's suggestion:
You can use:
$dbh->setAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY, true);
...on your PDO connection object to allow query buffering in MySQL. This will eliminate the problem of re-preparing an unclosed statement object.
Gerard van Beek (2007-10-28 01:42:27)
If you to use a new instance of a class for a record you can use:
<?php
include_once("user.class");
$sth = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = 1");
/* create instance automatically */
$sth->setFetchMode( PDO::FETCH_CLASS, 'user');
$sth->execute();
$user = $sth->fetch( PDO::FETCH_CLASS );
$sth->closeCursor();
print ($user->id);
/* or create an instance yourself and use it */
$user= new user();
$sth->setFetchMode( PDO::FETCH_INTO, $user);
$sth->execute();
$user= $sth->fetch( PDO::FETCH_INTO );
$sth->closeCursor();
print ($user->id);
?>
BaBna (2007-08-16 12:52:26)
When you do a SELECT query for one row, and want to check if it's there, you don't need to count the fetchAll() result, you can just check if $result->fetch() is true:
<?php
$bbnq = sprintf("SELECT login
FROM users
WHERE id = %u",27);
try
{ $req = $db_bbn->query($bbnq); }
catch (Exception $e)
{ bbnf_pdo_error($e,__FILE__,__LINE__); }
if ( $r = $req->fetch() )
{ echo "This query has a row result"; }
else
{ echo "This query has an empty result"; }
?>
marcini (2007-04-02 04:41:23)
Be careful with fetch() when you use prepared statements and MySQL (I don`t know how it is with other databases). Fetch won`t close cursor and won`t let you send any other query, even if your result set has only one row, .
If you use $statement->fetch(), you will also have to use $statement->closeCursor() afterwards, to be albe to execute another query.
Alternatively you can use $statement->fetchAll() without $statement->closeCursor().
terry at bitsoup dot com (2006-03-02 12:46:44)
WARNING:
fetch() does NOT adhere to SQL-92 SQLSTATE standard when dealing with empty datasets.
Instead of setting the errorcode class to 20 to indicate "no data found", it returns a class of 00 indicating success, and returns NULL to the caller.
This also prevents the exception mechainsm from firing.
Programmers will need to explicitly code tests for empty resultsets after any fetch*() instead of relying on the default behavior of the RDBMS.
I tried logging this as a bug, but it was dismissed as "working as intended". Just a head's up.
avinoamr at gmail dot com (2006-01-19 14:48:18)
Note that using the FETCH_CLASS mechanism does NOT trigger the class's constructor! You must explicity instantiate the class to use it's constructor behavior.
fh at ez dot no (2005-11-25 00:13:12)
I can also add that the constructor is run _after_ the data is set on the object if yo use PDO::FETCH_CLASS.
fh at ez dot no (2005-11-24 23:58:26)
If you want to use PDO::FETCH_CLASS you need to set it up with setFetchMode first like so:
$stmt->setFetchMode( PDO::FETCH_CLASS, 'classType', array( 'parameters to constructor' );
$object = $stmt->fetch( PDO::FETCH_CLASS );
If you ommit this PHP will segfault.
aledmb at gmail dot com (2005-10-21 10:22:15)
note that fetch constants are not included in the PDO class for PHP versions prior to 5.1