(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PECL pdo >= 0.1.0)
PDOStatement::fetchAll — 返回一个包含结果集中所有行的数组
$fetch_style
[, mixed $fetch_argument
[, array $ctor_args
= array()
]]] )
fetch_style
控制返回数组的内容如同 PDOStatement::fetch() 文档中记载的一样。默认为 PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE
的值( 其缺省值为 PDO::FETCH_BOTH
)
想要返回一个包含结果集中单独一列所有值的数组,需要指定 PDO::FETCH_COLUMN
。通过指定 column-index
参数获取想要的列。
想要获取结果集中单独一列的唯一值,需要将 PDO::FETCH_COLUMN
和 PDO::FETCH_UNIQUE
按位或。
想要返回一个根据指定列把值分组后的关联数组,需要将 PDO::FETCH_COLUMN
和 PDO::FETCH_GROUP
按位或。
fetch_argument
根据 fetch_style
参数的值,此参数有不同的意义:
PDO::FETCH_COLUMN
:返回指定以0开始索引的列。
PDO::FETCH_CLASS
:返回指定类的实例,映射每行的列到类中对应的属性名。
PDO::FETCH_FUNC
:将每行的列作为参数传递给指定的函数,并返回调用函数后的结果。
ctor_args
当 fetch_style
参数为 PDO::FETCH_CLASS
时,自定义类的构造函数的参数。
PDOStatement::fetchAll() 返回一个包含结果集中所有剩余行的数组。此数组的每一行要么是一个列值的数组,要么是属性对应每个列名的一个对象。
使用此方法获取大结果集将导致系统负担加重且可能占用大量网络资源。与其取回所有数据后用PHP来操作,倒不如考虑使用数据库服务来处理结果集。例如,在取回数据并通过PHP处理前,在 SQL 中使用 WHERE 和 ORDER BY 子句来限定结果。
Example #1 获取结果集中所有剩余的行
<?php
$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT name, colour FROM fruit");
$sth->execute();
/* 获取结果集中所有剩余的行 */
print("Fetch all of the remaining rows in the result set:\n");
$result = $sth->fetchAll();
print_r($result);
?>
以上例程的输出类似于:
Fetch all of the remaining rows in the result set: Array ( [0] => Array ( [NAME] => pear [0] => pear [COLOUR] => green [1] => green ) [1] => Array ( [NAME] => watermelon [0] => watermelon [COLOUR] => pink [1] => pink ) )
Example #2 获取结果集中单独一列的所有值
下面例子演示了如何从一个结果集中返回单独一列所有的值,尽管 SQL 语句自身可能返回每行多列。
<?php
$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT name, colour FROM fruit");
$sth->execute();
/* 获取第一列所有值 */
$result = $sth->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN, 0);
var_dump($result);
?>
以上例程的输出类似于:
Array(3) ( [0] => string(5) => apple [1] => string(4) => pear [2] => string(10) => watermelon )
Example #3 根据单独的一列把所有值分组
下面例子演示了如何返回一个根据结果集中指定列的值分组的关联数组。该数组包含三个键:返回的 apple 和 pear 数组包含了两种不同的颜色,而返回的 watermelon 数组仅包含一种颜色。
<?php
$insert = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO fruit(name, colour) VALUES (?, ?)");
$insert->execute(array('apple', 'green'));
$insert->execute(array('pear', 'yellow'));
$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT name, colour FROM fruit");
$sth->execute();
/* 根据第一列分组 */
var_dump($sth->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN|PDO::FETCH_GROUP));
?>
以上例程的输出类似于:
array(3) { ["apple"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(5) "green" [1]=> string(3) "red" } ["pear"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(5) "green" [1]=> string(6) "yellow" } ["watermelon"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(5) "green" } }
Example #4 每行结果实例化一个类
下面列子演示了 PDO::FETCH_CLASS
获取风格的行为。
<?php
class fruit {
public $name;
public $colour;
}
$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT name, colour FROM fruit");
$sth->execute();
$result = $sth->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, "fruit");
var_dump($result);
?>
以上例程的输出类似于:
array(3) { [0]=> object(fruit)#1 (2) { ["name"]=> string(5) "apple" ["colour"]=> string(5) "green" } [1]=> object(fruit)#2 (2) { ["name"]=> string(4) "pear" ["colour"]=> string(6) "yellow" } [2]=> object(fruit)#3 (2) { ["name"]=> string(10) "watermelon" ["colour"]=> string(4) "pink" } }
Example #5 每行调用一次函数
下面列子演示了 PDO::FETCH_FUNC
获取风格的行为。
<?php
function fruit($name, $colour) {
return "{$name}: {$colour}";
}
$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT name, colour FROM fruit");
$sth->execute();
$result = $sth->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_FUNC, "fruit");
var_dump($result);
?>
以上例程的输出类似于:
array(3) { [0]=> string(12) "apple: green" [1]=> string(12) "pear: yellow" [2]=> string(16) "watermelon: pink" }
ramon at monztro dot com (2012-05-25 04:18:56)
If you are trying to call PDOStatement::fetchAll and is not getting the result set as expected (empty instead), check if you called PDOStatement::execute first.
Remember PDOStatement::fetchAll does not execute the query, it just mounts the array.
:)
Hayley Watson (2011-07-04 16:48:33)
If you use the PDO::FETCH_CLASS | PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE flags to map columns to object properties, fetchAll() will use any __set() method your object has when carrying out the mapping.
Anonymous (2011-06-25 14:10:18)
Note that fetchAll() can be extremely memory inefficient for large data sets. My memory limit was set to 160 MB this is what happened when I tried:
<?php
$arr = $stmt->fetchAll();
// Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 16777216 bytes exhausted
?>
If you are going to loop through the output array of fetchAll(), instead use fetch() to minimize memory usage as follows:
<?php
while ($arr = $stmt->fetch()) {
echo round(memory_get_usage() / (1024*1024),3) .' MB<br />';
// do_other_stuff();
}
// Last line for the same query shows only 28.973 MB usage
?>
Dennis (2010-06-10 08:51:09)
Error:
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2014 Cannot execute queries while other unbuffered queries are active. Consider using PDOStatement::fetchAll(). Alternatively, if your code is only ever going to run against mysql, you may enable query buffering by setting the PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY attribute.
If you're using something like:
while ($row = $query->fetchObject()) {
[...]
}
try using this instead:
$rows = $query->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, 'ArrayObject');
foreach ($rows as $row) {
[...]
}
esw at pixeloution dot removeme dot com (2010-05-18 21:17:43)
Interestingly enough, when you use fetchAll, the constructor for your object is called AFTER the properties are assigned. For example:
<?php
class person {
public $name;
function __construct() {
$this->name = $this->name . " is my name.";
}
}
# set up select from a database here with PDO
$obj = $STH->fetchALL(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, 'person');
?>
Will result in ' is my name' being appended to all the name columns. However if you call it slightly differently:
<?php
$obj = $obj = $STH->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS | PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE, 'person');
?>
Then the constructor will be called before properties are assigned. I can't find this documented anywhere, so I thought it would be nice to add a note here.
mxrgus (2009-10-23 16:22:25)
In method body:
return $pstmt->fetchAll() or die("bad");
will not return correct value, but "1" instead.
Daniel Hofmann (2009-05-05 00:21:58)
PLEASE BE AWARE: If you do an OUTER LEFT JOIN and set PDO FetchALL to PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, any primary key you used in the OUTER LEFT JOIN will be set to a blank if there are no records returned in the JOIN.
For example:
<?php
//query the product table and join to the image table and return any images, if we have any, for each product
$sql = "SELECT * FROM product, image
LEFT OUTER JOIN image ON (product.product_id = image.product_id)";
$array = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
print_r($array);
?>
The resulting array will look something like this:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[product_id] =>
[notes] => "this product..."
[brand] => "Best Yet"
...
The fix is to simply specify your field names in the SELECT clause instead of using the * as a wild card, or, you can also specify the field in addition to the *. The following example returns the product_id field correctly:
<?php
$sql = "SELECT *, product.product_id FROM product, image
LEFT OUTER JOIN image ON (product.product_id = image.product_id)";
$array = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
print_r($array);
?>
The resulting array will look something like this:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[product_id] => 3
[notes] => "this product..."
[brand] => "Best Yet"
...
Ant P. (2009-02-03 18:37:34)
You might find yourself wanting to use FETCH_GROUP and FETCH_ASSOC at the same time, to get your table's primary key as the array key:
<?php
// $stmt is some query like "SELECT rowid, username, comment"
$results = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_GROUP|PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
// It does work, but not as you might expect:
$results = array(
1234 => array(0 => array('username' => 'abc', 'comment' => '[...]')),
1235 => array(0 => array('username' => 'def', 'comment' => '[...]')),
);
// ...but you can at least strip the useless numbered array out easily:
$results = array_map('reset', $results);
?>
davey at php dot net (2008-11-02 18:54:35)
When passing PDO::FETCH_CLASS as the first argument, this method will accept the class name as the second option:
<?php
$query = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$result = $query->execute($values);
if ($result && $query->rowCount() > 0) {
$records = $query->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, 'Some_Class');
// $record is now an array of Some_Class objects
}
?>
- Davey
mrshelly at hotmail dot com (2008-10-30 19:27:33)
PHP fetchAll Data From SQL Server 2005
if field's data type is varchar(nvarchar), only fetch 255 chars. but the "text" data type is ok.
so, notice! to change the 'varchar' or 'nvarchar' (length > 255) to 'text' data type..
hope to help u.
<?php
$user = 'sa';
$pass = 'pass';
$conn = new PDO('mssql:host=127.0.0.1; dbname=tempdb;', $user, $pass);
$mainSQL = "SELECT field_varchar, field_text FROM table1";
$sth = $conn->prepare($mainSQL);
$sth->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$sth->execute();
$retRows = $sth->fetchAll();
// the field_varchar field only to fetch 255 chars(max)
// the field_text is ok.
var_dump($retRows);
unset($sth); unset($conn);
?>
harlequin2 at gmx dot de (2008-06-10 05:01:56)
There is also another fetch mode supported on Oracle and MSSQL:
PDO::FETCH_ASSOC
> fetches only column names and omits the numeric index.
If you would like to return all columns from an sql statement with column keys as table headers, it's as simple as this:
<?php
$dbh = new PDO("DS", "USERNAME", "PASSWORD");
$stmt = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM tablename");
$stmt->execute();
$arrValues = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
// open the table
print "<table wdith=\"100%\">\n";
print "<tr>\n";
// add the table headers
foreach ($arrValues[0] as $key => $useless){
print "<th>$key</th>";
}
print "</tr>";
// display data
foreach ($arrValues as $row){
print "<tr>";
foreach ($row as $key => $val){
print "<td>$val</td>";
}
print "</tr>\n";
}
// close the table
print "</table>\n";
?>
Anonymous (2008-01-01 23:13:04)
If no rows have been returned, fetchAll returns an empty array.
stas at metalinfo dot ru (2006-10-18 06:37:03)
Note, that you can use PDO::FETCH_COLUMN|PDO::FETCH_GROUP pair only while selecting two columns, not like DB_common::getAssoc(), when grouping is set to true.