PostgreSQL的字符串函数主要用于字符串操作。下表详细介绍了重要的字符串函数： yiibai.com

ASCII(str)

Returns the numeric value of the leftmost character of the string str. Returns 0 if str is the empty string. Returns NULL if str is NULL. ASCII() works for characters with numeric values from 0 to 255. www.yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT ASCII('2');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ASCII('2')                                              |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 50                                                      |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

testdb=# SELECT ASCII('dx');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ASCII('dx')                                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 100                                                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) 
yiibai.com
 

BIT_LENGTH(str)

返回位字符串str的长度。

www.yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT BIT_LENGTH('text');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| BIT_LENGTH('text')                                      |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 32                                                      |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) www.yiibai.com 

CHAR_LENGTH(str)

Returns the length of the string str, measured in characters. A multi-byte character counts as a single character. This means that for a string containing five two-byte characters, LENGTH() returns 10, whereas CHAR_LENGTH() returns 5. yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT CHAR_LENGTH('text');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| CHAR_LENGTH('text')                                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 4                                                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) 
yiibai.com
 

CHARACTER_LENGTH(str)

CHARACTER_LENGTH() is a synonym for CHAR_LENGTH(). yiibai.com

CONCAT(str1,str2,...)

Returns the string that results from concatenating the arguments. May have one or more arguments. If all arguments are non-binary strings, the result is a non-binary string. If the arguments include any binary strings, the result is a binary string. A numeric argument is converted to its equivalent binary string form; if you want to avoid that, you can use an explicit type cast, as in this example:

yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT CONCAT('My', 'S', 'QL');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| CONCAT('My', 'S', 'QL')                                 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| MySQL                                                   |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) 
www.yiibai.com
 

CONCAT_WS(separator,str1,str2,...)

CONCAT_WS() stands for Concatenate With Separator and is a special form of CONCAT(). The first argument is the separator for the rest of the arguments. The separator is added between the strings to be concatenated. The separator can be a string, as can the rest of the arguments. If the separator is NULL, the result is NULL. www.yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT CONCAT_WS(',','First name','Last Name' );
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| CONCAT_WS(',','First name','Last Name' )                |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| First name, Last Name                                   |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) yiibai.com 

LCASE(str)

LCASE() is a synonym for LOWER(). yiibai.com

LEFT(str,len)

Returns the leftmost len characters from the string str, or NULL if any argument is NULL. yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT LEFT('foobarbar', 5);
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| LEFT('foobarbar', 5)                                    |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| fooba                                                   |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) yiibai.com 

LENGTH(str)

Returns the length of the string str, measured in bytes. A multi-byte character counts as multiple bytes. This means that for a string containing five two-byte characters, LENGTH() returns 10, whereas CHAR_LENGTH() returns 5. yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT LENGTH('text');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| LENGTH('text')                                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 4                                                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) 
www.yiibai.com
 

LOWER(str)

Returns the string str with all characters changed to lowercase according to the current character set mapping. www.yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT LOWER('QUADRATICALLY');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| LOWER('QUADRATICALLY')                                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| quadratically                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) 
yiibai.com
 

LPAD(str,len,padstr)

Returns the string str, left-padded with the string padstr to a length of len characters. If str is longer than len, the return value is shortened to len characters.

testdb=# SELECT LPAD('hi',4,'??');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| LPAD('hi',4,'??')                                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ??hi                                                    |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) 
www.yiibai.com
 

LTRIM(str)

Returns the string str with leading space characters removed. yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT LTRIM('  barbar');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| LTRIM('  barbar')                                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| barbar                                                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) yiibai.com 

MID(str,pos,len)

MID(str,pos,len) is a synonym for SUBSTRING(str,pos,len).

yiibai.com

POSITION(substr IN str)

POSITION(substr IN str) is a synonym for LOCATE(substr,str). www.yiibai.com

QUOTE_IDENT(string text), QUOTE_LITERAL(string text), QUOTE_LITERAL(value anyelement), QUOTE_NULLABLE(value anyelement)

All these functions return the given string suitably quoted to be used as an identifier in an SQL statement string. In the function QUOTE_IDENT, Quotes are added only if necessary. In function QUOTE_LITERAL, embedded single-quotes and backslashes are properly doubled. If a value is passed, coerce the given value to text and then quote it as a literal. The function QUOTE_NULLABLE, coerces the given value to text and then quote it as a literal; or, if the argument is null, return NULL. yiibai.com

Following are the examples for all these functions: www.yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT QUOTE_IDENT('Foo bar');
 quote_ident
-------------
 "Foo bar"
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT QUOTE_LITERAL(E'O\'Reilly');
 quote_literal
---------------
 'O''Reilly'
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT QUOTE_LITERAL(42.5);
 quote_literal
---------------
 '42.5'
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT QUOTE_NULLABLE(42.5);
 quote_nullable
----------------
 '42.5'
(1 row) www.yiibai.com 

expr REGEXP pattern

REGEXP_MATCHES(string text, pattern text [, flags text]) function performs a pattern match of expr against pattern. Returns 1 if expr matches pat; otherwise it returns 0. If either expr or pat is NULL, the result is NULL. REGEXP_MATCHES is not case sensitive, except when used with binary strings.

REGEXP_REPLACE(string text, pattern text, replacement text [, flags text]) function replaces substring(s) matching a POSIX regular expression.

REGEXP_SPLIT_TO_ARRAY(string text, pattern text [, flags text ]), Split string using a POSIX regular expression as the delimiter. yiibai.com

REGEXP_SPLIT_TO_TABLE(string text, pattern text [, flags text]), splits string using a POSIX regular expression as the delimiter.

yiibai.com

Following are the examples for all these functions: www.yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT REGEXP_MATCHES('ABCDEF' ,'A%C%%');
 regexp_matches
----------------
(0 rows)


testdb=# SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE('Thomas', '.[mN]a.', 'M');
 regexp_replace
----------------
 ThM
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT REGEXP_SPLIT_TO_ARRAY('hello world', E'\\s+');
 regexp_split_to_array
-----------------------
 {hello,world}
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT REGEXP_SPLIT_TO_TABLE('hello world', E'\\s+');
 regexp_split_to_table
-----------------------
 hello
 world
(2 rows) yiibai.com 

REPEAT(str,count)

Returns a string consisting of the string str repeated count times. If count is less than 1, returns an empty string. Returns NULL if str or count are NULL.

testdb=# SELECT REPEAT('SQL', 3);
  repeat
-----------
 SQLSQLSQL
(1 row) 
yiibai.com
 

REPLACE(str,from_str,to_str)

Returns the string str with all occurrences of the string from_str replaced by the string to_str. REPLACE() performs a case-sensitive match when searching for from_str. www.yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT REPLACE('www.mysql.com', 'w', 'Ww');
     replace
------------------
 WwWwWw.mysql.com
(1 row) yiibai.com 

REVERSE(str)

Returns the string str with the order of the characters reversed.

testdb=# SELECT REVERSE('abcd');
 reverse
---------
 dcba
(1 row) 
yiibai.com
 

RIGHT(str,len)

Returns the rightmost len characters from the string str, or NULL if any argument is NULL. yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT RIGHT('foobarbar', 4);
 right
-------
 rbar
(1 row) yiibai.com 

RPAD(str,len,padstr)

Returns the string str, right-padded with the string padstr to a length of len characters. If str is longer than len, the return value is shortened to len characters.

yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT RPAD('hi',5,'?');
 rpad
-------
 hi???
(1 row) 
yiibai.com
 

RTRIM(str)

Returns the string str with trailing space characters removed.

yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT RTRIM('barbar   ');
 rtrim
--------
 barbar
(1 row) 
www.yiibai.com
 

SUBSTRING(str,pos)

SUBSTRING(str FROM pos)

SUBSTRING(str,pos,len)

SUBSTRING(str FROM pos FOR len)

The forms without a len argument return a substring from string str starting at position pos. The forms with a len argument return a substring len characters long from string str, starting at position pos. The forms that use FROM are standard SQL syntax. It is also possible to use a negative value for pos. In this case, the beginning of the substring is pos characters from the end of the string, rather than the beginning. A negative value may be used for pos in any of the forms of this function.

yiibai.com

testdb=# SELECT SUBSTRING('Quadratically',5);
 substring
-----------
 ratically
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT SUBSTRING('foobarbar' FROM 4);
 substring
-----------
 barbar
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT SUBSTRING('Quadratically',5,6);
 substring
-----------
 ratica
(1 row) www.yiibai.com 

TRIM([{BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING} [remstr] FROM] str)

TRIM([remstr FROM] str)

Returns the string str with all remstr prefixes or suffixes removed. If none of the specifiers BOTH, LEADING, or TRAILING is given, BOTH is assumed. remstr is optional and, if not specified, spaces are removed.

testdb=# SELECT TRIM('  bar   ');
 btrim
-------
 bar
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT TRIM(LEADING 'x' FROM 'xxxbarxxx');
 ltrim
--------
 barxxx
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxbarxxx');
 btrim
-------
 bar
(1 row)


testdb=# SELECT TRIM(TRAILING 'xyz' FROM 'barxxyz');
 rtrim
-------
 bar
(1 row) 
www.yiibai.com
 

UCASE(str)

UCASE() is a synonym for UPPER(). yiibai.com

UPPER(str)

Returns the string str with all characters changed to uppercase according to the current character set mapping.

testdb=# SELECT UPPER('manisha');
  upper
---------
 MANISHA
(1 row) yiibai.com